1 Microemulsion (ME) Microemulsion is a liquid formulation with a water-based appearance and a homogeneous appearance. It consists of water-surfactant-oil, which is a thermodynamically stable homogeneous system with a particle size of generally 0.1-0.0 μm.
î—¥ î—¥ 1.1 composition Active ingredient: 0.5 ~ 50%; emulsifier: generally 1 to 3 times the oily ingredients, depending on the active ingredient hydrophilic and lipophilic; water: make up to 100%.
î—¥ î—¥ 1.2 processing Microemulsion is generally mixed with the original pesticide and emulsifier, and slowly added to the water while stirring, stir well.
1.3 Technical difficulties Mainly solve the chemical stability and appearance stability of the preparation.
1.4 Features Compared with emulsifiable concentrate, microemulsion has the following characteristics: eq \o\ac(â—‹,1) 1 saves a lot of organic solvents; eq \o\ac(â—‹,2) 2 is safe for people and the environment (none The toxicity of the solvent itself); eq \o\ac(â—‹,3) 3 High flash point, non-flammable, safe for storage and transportation; eq \o\ac(â—‹,4) 4 Low volatility, reducing the odor of pesticides ; eq \o\ac(â—‹,5) 5 The cost is slightly lower than that of the emulsifiable concentrate. The lower the content, the more obvious the advantage; eq \o\ac(â—‹,6) 6 The effect is good. Take a 4.5% beta-cypermethrin microemulsion and a 10% triazophos microemulsion as an example.
Determination of virulence of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin microemulsion
Pharmacy name
Virulence regression equation
LC 50 (ppm)
Virulence ratio (R)
4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC
Y=3.4904+2.1506x
5.03
1
4.5% beta-cypermethrin microemulsion
Y=3.6813+2.3162x
3.71
1.36
Field trial results of 10% triazophos microemulsion for controlling Plutella xylostella
Pharmacy name
1 day after drug control (%)
3 days after drug control (%)
10% triazophos microemulsion 1000 times
72.15
86.84
20% triazophos emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times
79.63
91.75
  1.5 main varieties 25% chlorpyrifos microemulsion, 40% sub-agricultural microemulsion, 20% triazophos microemulsion, 4.5% beta-cypermethrin microemulsion, 40% acetochlor microemulsion, 2% high chlorine · Avermect Microemulsions, etc.
î—¥ 2 water emulsion (EW) water emulsion is a liquid pesticide or a mixture of liquid pesticides prepared by mixing tiny droplets of water. It is a concentrated solution of the emulsion, unlike the emulsifiable concentrate which is diluted with water to form an emulsion.
î—¥ î—¥ 2.1 composition of active ingredients: 1 ~ 60%; emulsifier: 3 ~ 10%; water: make up to 100%.
2.2 Processing The oily active ingredient and emulsifier are mixed, added to water, and thoroughly stirred by a homomixer to form an emulsion having a particle size of several micrometers.
2.3 Technical difficulties Focus on the appearance stability and chemical stability of the preparation.
2.4 Features Compared with emulsifiable concentrate, it has the following characteristics: eq \o\ac(â—‹,1) 1 Replaces a large amount of organic solvent with water; eq \o\ac(â—‹,2) 2 Reduces the toxicity of pesticide preparations; eq \o\ac(â—‹,3) 3 Safe for people and the environment; eq \o\ac(â—‹,4) 4 High flash point, not easy to burn; eq \o\ac(â—‹,5) 5 Reduced on crops Residue; eq \o\ac(â—‹,6) 6 The emulsifier used is equivalent to the emulsifiable concentrate, but it saves a lot of organic solvent, and the cost of the preparation is greatly reduced; eq \o\ac(â—‹,7) 7 comparable or slightly better than the EC formulation. Take 20% fenvalerate water emulsion and 50% acetochlor water emulsion as an example.
Results of efficacy test of 20% fenvalerate aqueous emulsion against cabbage caterpillar
Pharmacy name
Prevention effect on the first day after drug (%)
Prevention effect on the third day after drug (%)
Prevention effect on the 7th day after drug administration (%)
20% fenvalerate water emulsion 30g / mu
75.82
82.77
81.10
20% fenvalerate EC 30g/mu
71.43
79.04
76.81
50% acetochlor water emulsion to control the field efficacy test results of weed field in rape field (30 days strain control)
Pharmacy name
Stick grass control (%)
殃 殃 缕, 缕 缕 缕 (%)
Other broadleaf weed control (%)
Total broadleaf weed control (%)
Total weed control (%)
50% acetochlor water emulsion 100ml / mu
94.56
82.59
81.42
83.85
90.777
50% acetochlor EC 100ml / mu
86.30
74.53
80.95
75.44
82.45
î—¥ î—¥ 2.5 main varieties 20% fenvalerate water emulsion, 50% acetochlor water emulsion, 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion, 4.5% high efficiency cyanide water emulsion, 60% butachlor water emulsion, 6.9% Hummer Water emulsion, 5% S-fenvalerate water emulsion, and the like.
î—¥ î—¥ 3 water capsule suspension agent water capsule suspension agent refers to the active ingredient (core material) wrapped in the wall material of the particle size of a few micrometers to tens of microns of small spherical suspension.
3.1 Composition (interfacial polymerization method) Active ingredient, oil-soluble monomer, organic solvent, surfactant, water-soluble monomer, water.
3.2 There are two types of processing methods: one is physical mechanical method, the other is chemical synthesis, because the interfacial polymerization method in chemical synthesis has: ( eq \o\ac(â—‹,1) 1 ) The diameter and wall thickness are easy to control; ( eq \o\ac(â—‹, 2) 2 ) The synthetic polymer wall material has a large margin of choice. Therefore, this method is commonly used in industrial production.
In the interfacial polymerization method, an oil-soluble monomer and an active ingredient are first uniformly mixed (oil phase) with an aqueous solution (aqueous phase) containing a water-soluble monomer. The oil phase is dispersed in the aqueous phase, a polymerization reaction occurs at the interface between the aqueous phase and the oil phase, and a film is formed around the oil phase to form a microcapsule.
3.3 Technical difficulties Select the appropriate capsule and appropriate wall thickness to control the release of active ingredients.
3.4 Features ( eq \o\ac(â—‹,1) 1 ) Reduce toxicity and reduce the odor of pesticides; eq \o\ac(â—‹,2) (2) Stabilize the original drug; eq \o\ac( â—‹, 3) (3) reduce phytotoxicity; eq \o\ac (â—‹, 4) (4) The cost is equivalent to the emulsifiable concentrate; eq \o\ac (â—‹, 5) (5) prolong the efficacy.
î—¥ î—¥ 3.5 main varieties 20% chlorpyrifos water capsule suspension, 20% Di Asian water capsule suspension and so on.
î—¥ î—¥ 4 effervescent tablets Effervescent tablets is a very convenient use of new pesticide formulations, is proposed in the specific environment of rice fields with water. Its appearance is a sheet, the tablets directly into the paddy field, carbonates and organic acid tablets rapid response carbon dioxide gas generated in water when used, effervescent disintegration by the action of the diffusing agent, uniformly spread around the The active ingredient contacts the target and exerts its efficacy.
4.1 Composition Active ingredients, carbonates, organic acids, diffusing agents, binders, wetting agents, glidants, carriers.
î—¥ î—¥ 4.2 Processing The original drug, auxiliaries and various excipients are mixed in a mixer, pulverized by a pulverizer, and then granulated, dried, tableted, and packaged.
4.3 Technical difficulties The effervescent disintegration, diffusion, and stability of the preparation during storage.
4.4 Features a Very convenient to use, no need to spray or mix with soil, directly spread the tablets into the paddy field, reduce labor intensity; b convenient packaging; c accurate measurement, easy to measure; d no dust flying, environmental pollution Small; e cost slightly higher than wettable powder; f efficacy is comparable to wettable powder. Take 20% bensulfuron-methyl effervescent tablets and 20% pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablets as an example.
Test results of 20% bensulfuron-methyl effervescent tablets for controlling weeds in rice fields (21 days after drug control)
deal with
Cat Felt Control (%)
Shaped sedge control (%)
Grass control effect (%)
Tian Hao's effectiveness (%)
Comprehensive control effect (%
20% pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablet 7.5g / mu
90.72
87.26
92.25
93.09
93072
10% pyrazosulfuron-methyl WP 15g/mu
90.50
88.34
92.45
93.44
91.41
20% pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablet for controlling weeds in rice fields (transplanting) test results (21 days after drug control)
deal with
Grass control effect (%)
Tian Hao's effectiveness (%)
Shaped sedge control (%)
Valerian control (%)
Comprehensive control effect (%)
20% pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablet 7.5g / mu
89.71
92.93
90.41
88.22
89.94
10% pyrazosulfuron-methyl WP 15g/mu
89.57
94.50
92.53
86.78
90.47
  4.5 main varieties 20% bensulfuron effervescent tablets, 20% pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablets, 5% imidacloprid effervescent tablets, 18% quinclorac acid · bensulfuron effervescent tablets, 25 % mefenacetate, benzsulfuron effervescent tablet, 25% mefenacet, pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablet, and the like.
î—¥ î—¥ 5 new emulsifiable concentrate new emulsifiable concentrate refers to the use of vegetable oil or mineral oil as a solvent for the emulsifiable concentrate.
5.1 Composition Active ingredient, emulsifier, solvent (vegetable or mineral oil).
5.2 processing (method with emulsifiable concentrate)
5.3 Technical difficulties Select a suitable emulsifier to solve the emulsion stability of the preparation.
5.4 Features (1) Reduce toxicity; eq \o\ac(â—‹, 2) (2) Reduce pesticide odor; eq \o\ac(â—‹,3) (3) High flash point; eq \o\ac(â—‹,4) (4) High efficacy.
î—¥ î—¥ 1.1 composition Active ingredient: 0.5 ~ 50%; emulsifier: generally 1 to 3 times the oily ingredients, depending on the active ingredient hydrophilic and lipophilic; water: make up to 100%.
î—¥ î—¥ 1.2 processing Microemulsion is generally mixed with the original pesticide and emulsifier, and slowly added to the water while stirring, stir well.
1.3 Technical difficulties Mainly solve the chemical stability and appearance stability of the preparation.
1.4 Features Compared with emulsifiable concentrate, microemulsion has the following characteristics: eq \o\ac(â—‹,1) 1 saves a lot of organic solvents; eq \o\ac(â—‹,2) 2 is safe for people and the environment (none The toxicity of the solvent itself); eq \o\ac(â—‹,3) 3 High flash point, non-flammable, safe for storage and transportation; eq \o\ac(â—‹,4) 4 Low volatility, reducing the odor of pesticides ; eq \o\ac(â—‹,5) 5 The cost is slightly lower than that of the emulsifiable concentrate. The lower the content, the more obvious the advantage; eq \o\ac(â—‹,6) 6 The effect is good. Take a 4.5% beta-cypermethrin microemulsion and a 10% triazophos microemulsion as an example.
Determination of virulence of 4.5% beta-cypermethrin microemulsion
Pharmacy name
Virulence regression equation
LC 50 (ppm)
Virulence ratio (R)
4.5% beta-cypermethrin EC
Y=3.4904+2.1506x
5.03
1
4.5% beta-cypermethrin microemulsion
Y=3.6813+2.3162x
3.71
1.36
Field trial results of 10% triazophos microemulsion for controlling Plutella xylostella
Pharmacy name
1 day after drug control (%)
3 days after drug control (%)
10% triazophos microemulsion 1000 times
72.15
86.84
20% triazophos emulsifiable concentrate 1000 times
79.63
91.75
  1.5 main varieties 25% chlorpyrifos microemulsion, 40% sub-agricultural microemulsion, 20% triazophos microemulsion, 4.5% beta-cypermethrin microemulsion, 40% acetochlor microemulsion, 2% high chlorine · Avermect Microemulsions, etc.
î—¥ 2 water emulsion (EW) water emulsion is a liquid pesticide or a mixture of liquid pesticides prepared by mixing tiny droplets of water. It is a concentrated solution of the emulsion, unlike the emulsifiable concentrate which is diluted with water to form an emulsion.
î—¥ î—¥ 2.1 composition of active ingredients: 1 ~ 60%; emulsifier: 3 ~ 10%; water: make up to 100%.
2.2 Processing The oily active ingredient and emulsifier are mixed, added to water, and thoroughly stirred by a homomixer to form an emulsion having a particle size of several micrometers.
2.3 Technical difficulties Focus on the appearance stability and chemical stability of the preparation.
2.4 Features Compared with emulsifiable concentrate, it has the following characteristics: eq \o\ac(â—‹,1) 1 Replaces a large amount of organic solvent with water; eq \o\ac(â—‹,2) 2 Reduces the toxicity of pesticide preparations; eq \o\ac(â—‹,3) 3 Safe for people and the environment; eq \o\ac(â—‹,4) 4 High flash point, not easy to burn; eq \o\ac(â—‹,5) 5 Reduced on crops Residue; eq \o\ac(â—‹,6) 6 The emulsifier used is equivalent to the emulsifiable concentrate, but it saves a lot of organic solvent, and the cost of the preparation is greatly reduced; eq \o\ac(â—‹,7) 7 comparable or slightly better than the EC formulation. Take 20% fenvalerate water emulsion and 50% acetochlor water emulsion as an example.
Results of efficacy test of 20% fenvalerate aqueous emulsion against cabbage caterpillar
Pharmacy name
Prevention effect on the first day after drug (%)
Prevention effect on the third day after drug (%)
Prevention effect on the 7th day after drug administration (%)
20% fenvalerate water emulsion 30g / mu
75.82
82.77
81.10
20% fenvalerate EC 30g/mu
71.43
79.04
76.81
50% acetochlor water emulsion to control the field efficacy test results of weed field in rape field (30 days strain control)
Pharmacy name
Stick grass control (%)
殃 殃 缕, 缕 缕 缕 (%)
Other broadleaf weed control (%)
Total broadleaf weed control (%)
Total weed control (%)
50% acetochlor water emulsion 100ml / mu
94.56
82.59
81.42
83.85
90.777
50% acetochlor EC 100ml / mu
86.30
74.53
80.95
75.44
82.45
î—¥ î—¥ 2.5 main varieties 20% fenvalerate water emulsion, 50% acetochlor water emulsion, 45% prochloraz aqueous emulsion, 4.5% high efficiency cyanide water emulsion, 60% butachlor water emulsion, 6.9% Hummer Water emulsion, 5% S-fenvalerate water emulsion, and the like.
î—¥ î—¥ 3 water capsule suspension agent water capsule suspension agent refers to the active ingredient (core material) wrapped in the wall material of the particle size of a few micrometers to tens of microns of small spherical suspension.
3.1 Composition (interfacial polymerization method) Active ingredient, oil-soluble monomer, organic solvent, surfactant, water-soluble monomer, water.
3.2 There are two types of processing methods: one is physical mechanical method, the other is chemical synthesis, because the interfacial polymerization method in chemical synthesis has: ( eq \o\ac(â—‹,1) 1 ) The diameter and wall thickness are easy to control; ( eq \o\ac(â—‹, 2) 2 ) The synthetic polymer wall material has a large margin of choice. Therefore, this method is commonly used in industrial production.
In the interfacial polymerization method, an oil-soluble monomer and an active ingredient are first uniformly mixed (oil phase) with an aqueous solution (aqueous phase) containing a water-soluble monomer. The oil phase is dispersed in the aqueous phase, a polymerization reaction occurs at the interface between the aqueous phase and the oil phase, and a film is formed around the oil phase to form a microcapsule.
3.3 Technical difficulties Select the appropriate capsule and appropriate wall thickness to control the release of active ingredients.
3.4 Features ( eq \o\ac(â—‹,1) 1 ) Reduce toxicity and reduce the odor of pesticides; eq \o\ac(â—‹,2) (2) Stabilize the original drug; eq \o\ac( â—‹, 3) (3) reduce phytotoxicity; eq \o\ac (â—‹, 4) (4) The cost is equivalent to the emulsifiable concentrate; eq \o\ac (â—‹, 5) (5) prolong the efficacy.
î—¥ î—¥ 3.5 main varieties 20% chlorpyrifos water capsule suspension, 20% Di Asian water capsule suspension and so on.
î—¥ î—¥ 4 effervescent tablets Effervescent tablets is a very convenient use of new pesticide formulations, is proposed in the specific environment of rice fields with water. Its appearance is a sheet, the tablets directly into the paddy field, carbonates and organic acid tablets rapid response carbon dioxide gas generated in water when used, effervescent disintegration by the action of the diffusing agent, uniformly spread around the The active ingredient contacts the target and exerts its efficacy.
4.1 Composition Active ingredients, carbonates, organic acids, diffusing agents, binders, wetting agents, glidants, carriers.
î—¥ î—¥ 4.2 Processing The original drug, auxiliaries and various excipients are mixed in a mixer, pulverized by a pulverizer, and then granulated, dried, tableted, and packaged.
4.3 Technical difficulties The effervescent disintegration, diffusion, and stability of the preparation during storage.
4.4 Features a Very convenient to use, no need to spray or mix with soil, directly spread the tablets into the paddy field, reduce labor intensity; b convenient packaging; c accurate measurement, easy to measure; d no dust flying, environmental pollution Small; e cost slightly higher than wettable powder; f efficacy is comparable to wettable powder. Take 20% bensulfuron-methyl effervescent tablets and 20% pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablets as an example.
Test results of 20% bensulfuron-methyl effervescent tablets for controlling weeds in rice fields (21 days after drug control)
deal with
Cat Felt Control (%)
Shaped sedge control (%)
Grass control effect (%)
Tian Hao's effectiveness (%)
Comprehensive control effect (%
20% pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablet 7.5g / mu
90.72
87.26
92.25
93.09
93072
10% pyrazosulfuron-methyl WP 15g/mu
90.50
88.34
92.45
93.44
91.41
20% pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablet for controlling weeds in rice fields (transplanting) test results (21 days after drug control)
deal with
Grass control effect (%)
Tian Hao's effectiveness (%)
Shaped sedge control (%)
Valerian control (%)
Comprehensive control effect (%)
20% pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablet 7.5g / mu
89.71
92.93
90.41
88.22
89.94
10% pyrazosulfuron-methyl WP 15g/mu
89.57
94.50
92.53
86.78
90.47
  4.5 main varieties 20% bensulfuron effervescent tablets, 20% pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablets, 5% imidacloprid effervescent tablets, 18% quinclorac acid · bensulfuron effervescent tablets, 25 % mefenacetate, benzsulfuron effervescent tablet, 25% mefenacet, pyrazosulfuron effervescent tablet, and the like.
î—¥ î—¥ 5 new emulsifiable concentrate new emulsifiable concentrate refers to the use of vegetable oil or mineral oil as a solvent for the emulsifiable concentrate.
5.1 Composition Active ingredient, emulsifier, solvent (vegetable or mineral oil).
5.2 processing (method with emulsifiable concentrate)
5.3 Technical difficulties Select a suitable emulsifier to solve the emulsion stability of the preparation.
5.4 Features (1) Reduce toxicity; eq \o\ac(â—‹, 2) (2) Reduce pesticide odor; eq \o\ac(â—‹,3) (3) High flash point; eq \o\ac(â—‹,4) (4) High efficacy.
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