Due to the long-term use of a single pesticide to control a certain pest in the same orchard in the same area, after a certain period of time, the efficacy is significantly reduced or even ineffective. In the production process, in order to maintain the efficacy of the medicament, on the one hand, the application amount of the medicament is increased, and on the other hand, the application frequency is continuously increased, which further increases the development of the resistance of the pests and diseases. This is a serious problem in the use of chemical control in today's orchard pests and diseases. The application of non-selective broad-spectrum, systemic insecticidal, acaricidal and fungicides is one of the main causes of resistance to major pests and diseases. Almost all species of pests and diseases can develop resistance. The formation of drug resistance is caused by the selection of the drug, the individual of the drug resistance gene is preserved, and the drug resistant group is gradually formed.
Remediation of drug resistance 1. Rotational medication In a region, an orchard, it is forbidden to apply a single pesticide with similar or similar properties for a long time to interrupt the formation of resistant populations in the pest population. For example, organic phosphorus, pyrethroids, carbamates, organic nitrogen, biological agents, mineral oils, plant insecticides and other major preparations in insecticides have different mechanisms of action; pesticides in the same type of preparations Varieties can also be rotated, but there can be no cross-resistance.
Among the fungicides, systemic fungicides are susceptible to drug resistance, such as antibiotics and benzimidazoles, and are specific inhibitors. Non-systemic sulfur preparations and copper preparations and Daisens are all multi-site inhibitors, and the two types are applied in rotation, which is a better combination.
2. Mixed use of drugs Mixing two or more agents with different modes of action and mechanisms can avoid and slow down the development and development of pest resistance. Such as the combination of sterilized Dan and carbendazim, mixed with dexamethasone and nail cream, mixed with pyrethroids and organic phosphorus, mixed with mineral oil and organic phosphorus, etc., are good mixed schemes and combinations, and changed after drug resistance. It can work with a compounded preparation. The rational compounding and mixing of pesticides is the direction of the use and processing of pesticides now and in the future.
One is that the factory mixes two or more kinds of pesticide raw materials into different dosage forms and preparations, and implements commercial production and supply to the market. It does not need to be compounded when applied, and is convenient to use.
The other is used in the field. That is, according to the actual needs of the local orchard pest control, more than two pesticide preparations are now available on the spot. However, it is necessary to understand the principles of mastering the nature, function and control of the preparation, as well as the principle of scientific and rational compounding and mixing, and it is not possible to mix and match. Compound mixed preparations must be compounded into the following five requirements: first, expand the control object, multi-use one drug, reduce the number of application times; second, have synergistic effect; third, extend the service life of new and old pesticide varieties; fourth, Reduce the cost of prevention and control, reduce the cost of prevention and treatment; Fifth, it is beneficial to overcome and delay the production of pest resistance and reduce the toxicity of pesticides.
At present, in the compounding, the fungicide can be mixed with the fungicide; the insecticide is mixed with the insecticide; the herbicide is mixed with the herbicide; the insecticide plus the synergist; the insecticide is mixed with the fungicide .
3. Intermittent use or deactivation of pesticides After a pesticide has induced resistance, it will be gradually reduced or even disappeared after a certain period of time has elapsed. Such as dimethoate, dichlorvos and other causes of resistance in leafhoppers, aphids, after a few years of anti-drug can be basically disappeared, can be widely used again.
4. Improve the application of pesticide technology and accurate application of pesticides. The application of accurate and effective doses is an effective way to delay the generation of resistance, improve the control effect and save costs. Orchard managers are often afraid of poor results, and the concentration of pesticides is increased arbitrarily, only the short-term effect, so that the pests quickly develop resistance; the other situation is not applied according to the specified concentration, or the calculation is wrong The use concentration is too low, it is ineffective after use or the effect is very poor, and it is easy to cause drug resistance. Arbitrary and unfounded promotion of winter clearing, spraying at low temperatures, not only poor or ineffective, but also the liquid remains on the branches and leaves, resulting in resistance to pests and diseases. Therefore, the application rate should be accurate, and it should be applied in the sensitive period of the occurrence of pests and diseases, and in the young and nymphal stages, so as to improve the effect and avoid and delay the generation of pest resistance. Improved spray technology, as much as possible to make the liquid contact with the target object and make it even and thoughtful, is also an important measure to avoid resistance.
Remediation of drug resistance 1. Rotational medication In a region, an orchard, it is forbidden to apply a single pesticide with similar or similar properties for a long time to interrupt the formation of resistant populations in the pest population. For example, organic phosphorus, pyrethroids, carbamates, organic nitrogen, biological agents, mineral oils, plant insecticides and other major preparations in insecticides have different mechanisms of action; pesticides in the same type of preparations Varieties can also be rotated, but there can be no cross-resistance.
Among the fungicides, systemic fungicides are susceptible to drug resistance, such as antibiotics and benzimidazoles, and are specific inhibitors. Non-systemic sulfur preparations and copper preparations and Daisens are all multi-site inhibitors, and the two types are applied in rotation, which is a better combination.
2. Mixed use of drugs Mixing two or more agents with different modes of action and mechanisms can avoid and slow down the development and development of pest resistance. Such as the combination of sterilized Dan and carbendazim, mixed with dexamethasone and nail cream, mixed with pyrethroids and organic phosphorus, mixed with mineral oil and organic phosphorus, etc., are good mixed schemes and combinations, and changed after drug resistance. It can work with a compounded preparation. The rational compounding and mixing of pesticides is the direction of the use and processing of pesticides now and in the future.
One is that the factory mixes two or more kinds of pesticide raw materials into different dosage forms and preparations, and implements commercial production and supply to the market. It does not need to be compounded when applied, and is convenient to use.
The other is used in the field. That is, according to the actual needs of the local orchard pest control, more than two pesticide preparations are now available on the spot. However, it is necessary to understand the principles of mastering the nature, function and control of the preparation, as well as the principle of scientific and rational compounding and mixing, and it is not possible to mix and match. Compound mixed preparations must be compounded into the following five requirements: first, expand the control object, multi-use one drug, reduce the number of application times; second, have synergistic effect; third, extend the service life of new and old pesticide varieties; fourth, Reduce the cost of prevention and control, reduce the cost of prevention and treatment; Fifth, it is beneficial to overcome and delay the production of pest resistance and reduce the toxicity of pesticides.
At present, in the compounding, the fungicide can be mixed with the fungicide; the insecticide is mixed with the insecticide; the herbicide is mixed with the herbicide; the insecticide plus the synergist; the insecticide is mixed with the fungicide .
3. Intermittent use or deactivation of pesticides After a pesticide has induced resistance, it will be gradually reduced or even disappeared after a certain period of time has elapsed. Such as dimethoate, dichlorvos and other causes of resistance in leafhoppers, aphids, after a few years of anti-drug can be basically disappeared, can be widely used again.
4. Improve the application of pesticide technology and accurate application of pesticides. The application of accurate and effective doses is an effective way to delay the generation of resistance, improve the control effect and save costs. Orchard managers are often afraid of poor results, and the concentration of pesticides is increased arbitrarily, only the short-term effect, so that the pests quickly develop resistance; the other situation is not applied according to the specified concentration, or the calculation is wrong The use concentration is too low, it is ineffective after use or the effect is very poor, and it is easy to cause drug resistance. Arbitrary and unfounded promotion of winter clearing, spraying at low temperatures, not only poor or ineffective, but also the liquid remains on the branches and leaves, resulting in resistance to pests and diseases. Therefore, the application rate should be accurate, and it should be applied in the sensitive period of the occurrence of pests and diseases, and in the young and nymphal stages, so as to improve the effect and avoid and delay the generation of pest resistance. Improved spray technology, as much as possible to make the liquid contact with the target object and make it even and thoughtful, is also an important measure to avoid resistance.
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