“The manufacturing-oriented headquarters business service trend is obvious. Many manufacturing-type headquarters enterprises are actively expanding service business, gradually transforming from simple manufacturing enterprises to 'manufacturing + service integration', and the integration of manufacturing and service industries has become an important factor in the development of headquarters enterprises. trend.
Zhao Hong, deputy dean of the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences and director of the China Headquarters Economic Research Center, said that the headquarters economy has played an important role in promoting the economic development of the city, and also passed the "headquarters". - The manufacturing base (or branch) chain has driven the development of other regions of the country. At the same time, the headquarters economy can effectively drive the development of relevant production service industries and play an important role in promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.
At the meeting, the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences and the Social Sciences Literature Publishing House jointly released the blue book of China's headquarters economy, which was hosted by the China Center for Economic Research of the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences and the Beijing Fangdi Economic Development Research Institute. ~2014" and "Evaluation Report on Economic Development Capabilities of 35 Major Cities in China (2013)". In terms of rankings, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen ranked the top four with 88.99 points, 86.11 points, 77.53 points and 76.55 points respectively.
Beijing and Shanghai leading regional features highlight
Headquarters economy refers to a region that attracts enterprises to cluster their headquarters in the region due to their unique resource advantages. The manufacturing bases are placed in other regions with comparative advantages, so that the enterprise value chain and regional resources can be optimally coupled and passed. The headquarters-manufacturing functional chain radiation drives the development of the production and manufacturing base, thereby realizing an economic form of division of labor and resources and optimal allocation of resources in different regions.
The “Evaluation Report on Economic Development Capabilities of 35 Major Cities in China†(2013) shows that the economic development of urban headquarters in the eastern part of China has significant competitive advantages, and Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen continue to lead the country. These four cities continue to occupy the first echelon of China's headquarters economic development capability, and are the cities with the most developed economy and the most competitive advantages in China.
Among them, Beijing and Shanghai have a comprehensive score of 80 or more. Beijing has the strongest competitive strength in terms of basic conditions, business facilities, research and development capabilities, and professional services. Shanghai's government service level is second to none, and it has been stable for many years. The country's first, basic conditions, business facilities, research and development capabilities and professional services are second only to Beijing, ranking second in 35 cities across the country.
From the perspective of headquarters resources, Beijing and Shanghai are in the forefront of the country. The two cities have 104 and 43 domestic top 500 enterprises respectively, and the total number of domestic top 500 enterprises accounts for 29.4% of the country. The comprehensive scores of Guangzhou and Shenzhen are all above 75. Compared with the previous year, the distance from Beijing and Shanghai is further narrowed. Among them, Guangzhou's government service level is second only to Shanghai, ranking second in the country. Service and business facilities are among the top three; Shenzhen's openness continues to maintain the highest level in the country and remains the most important window for China's opening up.
Research shows that in 2012, the assets of 1,028 subsidiaries of 218 listed companies in Beijing exceeded 3 trillion yuan. Among them, the total assets of subsidiaries in 12 provinces and municipalities such as Hong Kong, Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangdong all reached more than 100 billion yuan. The radiation action of Beijing listed companies is achieved through two aspects:
The first is achieved through the layout of state-owned listed companies in the country. Among the listed companies in Beijing, state-owned listed companies accounted for 51%. State-owned listed companies rely on their strong economic strength and state-owned monopoly resources to make a national distribution, which has driven the rapid development of the national economy.
The second is to promote the development of other regions through the high-tech listed companies in the layout of industrialization bases for innovation results. In 2012, 201 listed companies in Zhongguancun achieved a consolidated income of 1.3 trillion yuan, of which the income outside Zhongguancun exceeded 1 trillion yuan, accounting for 75.4%.
Shanghai listed companies are also very strong in other regions. In 2012, the 728 subsidiaries of Shanghai's 202 listed companies in Shanghai had a total operating income of more than 4 trillion yuan.
Through the analysis of the spatial distribution of the branches of listed companies, Zhao Hong pointed out that Beijing and Shanghai each have their own characteristics in driving the development of regional economic development in the country, and there are certain differences: Beijing listed companies have a wide radius of radiation, and the economy of various regions of the country Development has a strong driving role, but the driving role of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is not outstanding; compared with this, Shanghai listed companies have a significant role in the economic belt of the "Yangtze River Delta" region, but they have a role in the national economy. Need to be further improved.
The Midwest is struggling to catch up with the most vigorous development
In addition to the first echelon, the regional central cities in the central and western regions struggled to catch up, and the comprehensive economic development capability of the headquarters reached a new level. The study shows that the Wuhan metropolitan area, Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration, and Central Plains economic zone in the central and western regions are the most intensive resources in China, the most comprehensive development strength, and the most vigorous development economy. Growth pole.
With the introduction and implementation of regional plans such as “Promoting the Rise of the Central Regionâ€, “Chengdu Economic Zone Regional Planning†and “Changzhutan Urban Agglomeration Regional Planningâ€, the implementation of a number of major projects and the implementation of relevant policies The land has promoted the rapid development of these regions, especially the regional central cities. The regional central cities represented by Wuhan, Chongqing, Changsha and Zhengzhou are strengthening economic strength, improving scientific and technological innovation capabilities, strengthening infrastructure construction, and improving the service environment. The achievements are remarkable, the rising trajectory is extremely obvious, and the comprehensive development capability of the headquarters economy has been greatly improved.
For example, in recent years, Changsha has actively integrated into the development of the Pan-Pearl River Delta region, promoted urban modernization on a large scale, and improved the comprehensive functions of central cities, especially in the approval of the construction of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and the development of a “two-oriented societyâ€. Since the reform experiment, Changsha's comprehensive strength has been greatly improved. The basic conditions have increased from the 13th in the previous year to the 12th in this year, and the research and development capability has risen from the 18th to the 12th in this year.
At the same time, some traditional central cities in various regions of the country have been rejuvenated, and the economic development of the headquarters has been on the rise. Some traditional central cities in the eastern, central and northeastern regions of China have accelerated the transformation of development mode, promoted the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, paid attention to the overall environmental transformation and upgrading, and relied on their own development foundation and location conditions to vigorously promote the innovation and development level of production organization patterns in traditional advantages. Upgrade the files, shape the new image of the city and new business cards, attract the headquarters enterprises that match the regional comparative advantages and transformation and upgrading direction, and improve the economic development level of the city headquarters.
From the perspective of the economic development capabilities of 35 city headquarters, cities such as Jinan, Harbin, Shijiazhuang, Haikou, Taiyuan and Fuzhou are on the rise. These cities are traditional central cities in various regions. In recent years, they have been guided by urban construction to consolidate cities. Significant achievements have been made in the development of basic conditions, the improvement of urban functions, the establishment of a modern image, and the improvement of the development environment. The status of a more competitive and influential central city has emerged.
For example, in recent years, Harbin’s economic strength has rapidly increased. In 2011, per capita GDP exceeded US$6,600, and economic restructuring has made substantial progress. The proportion of the output value of the six emerging industries has increased significantly. The basic conditions have increased from 33rd in the previous year to 27th this year. The business development environment continued to improve, and the level of business facilities ranked 15th, up 5 places from the previous year; technological innovation and support capacity continued to improve, and in 2010 was approved as the only national innovation pilot city in the Northeast. It has been rated as an advanced city for scientific and technological progress in the country. In 2011, the amount of technology contract transactions ranked among the top in the country, and its research and development capability has rapidly increased from the 26th place in the previous year to the 20th place in this year.
Leading industry innovation to drive regional transformation
“The headquarters economy can not only promote the extension of the industry to the high-end links of the value chain, but also drive the development of related production services, and promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.â€
Zhao Hong pointed out that from the industrial structure of the top 500 enterprises in the country from 2008 to 2013, the number of manufacturing headquarters enterprises has decreased, from 303 in 2008 to 268 in 2013, a decrease of 35; The number of headquarters enterprises increased from 132 to 141, an increase of nine. The proportion of China's service industry in GDP has also increased steadily, from 41.8% in 2008 to 46.1% in 2013, an increase of 4.3 percentage points. The proportion of the tertiary industry exceeded the second production for the first time.
At the same time, the trend of service-oriented enterprise manufacturing enterprises is obvious. Many manufacturing-type headquarters companies are actively expanding their service business, and gradually transforming from a simple manufacturing enterprise to a "manufacturing + service integration" direction. Take Legend Holdings as an example. Since 2000, based on the original computer production and sales business, Legend Holdings has continued to expand its asset management, business incubator and other services. It has formed diversified businesses such as IT, real estate, modern agriculture, asset management, and incubator investment. Development pattern.
At the same time, the leading and leading companies in the relevant industries have become increasingly prominent. Zhao Hong pointed out that there are 54 companies in the top 500 ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing enterprises in the country, accounting for 0.5% of the total number of enterprises above designated size in the industry, but their total assets accounted for 69.8% of the total assets of the industry; A total of 51 wholesale and retail enterprises ranked among the top 500 in the country, accounting for 0.04% of the total number of wholesale and retail enterprises above designated size, but their total assets accounted for 13.1% of the industry.
In some emerging industries, headquarters companies have also become an important force in leading the industry's innovation and development. For example, there are 9 companies in the computer and communication industry that are among the top 500 in the country. These 9 companies are also the most innovative and leading enterprises in the industry. Among them, Huawei and ZTE's domestic invention patents in 2013 were 2,251 and 1,448, respectively. They have been ranked in the top five domestic invention patents for many years, and the two companies' invention patents accounted for 2.6% of the total national invention patents; The number of PCT international applications for home companies in 2013 was 2,094 and 2,309, respectively, ranking the top five in the world for many years.
Zhao Hong, deputy dean of the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences and director of the China Headquarters Economic Research Center, said that the headquarters economy has played an important role in promoting the economic development of the city, and also passed the "headquarters". - The manufacturing base (or branch) chain has driven the development of other regions of the country. At the same time, the headquarters economy can effectively drive the development of relevant production service industries and play an important role in promoting the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure.
At the meeting, the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences and the Social Sciences Literature Publishing House jointly released the blue book of China's headquarters economy, which was hosted by the China Center for Economic Research of the Beijing Academy of Social Sciences and the Beijing Fangdi Economic Development Research Institute. ~2014" and "Evaluation Report on Economic Development Capabilities of 35 Major Cities in China (2013)". In terms of rankings, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen ranked the top four with 88.99 points, 86.11 points, 77.53 points and 76.55 points respectively.
Beijing and Shanghai leading regional features highlight
Headquarters economy refers to a region that attracts enterprises to cluster their headquarters in the region due to their unique resource advantages. The manufacturing bases are placed in other regions with comparative advantages, so that the enterprise value chain and regional resources can be optimally coupled and passed. The headquarters-manufacturing functional chain radiation drives the development of the production and manufacturing base, thereby realizing an economic form of division of labor and resources and optimal allocation of resources in different regions.
The “Evaluation Report on Economic Development Capabilities of 35 Major Cities in China†(2013) shows that the economic development of urban headquarters in the eastern part of China has significant competitive advantages, and Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen continue to lead the country. These four cities continue to occupy the first echelon of China's headquarters economic development capability, and are the cities with the most developed economy and the most competitive advantages in China.
Among them, Beijing and Shanghai have a comprehensive score of 80 or more. Beijing has the strongest competitive strength in terms of basic conditions, business facilities, research and development capabilities, and professional services. Shanghai's government service level is second to none, and it has been stable for many years. The country's first, basic conditions, business facilities, research and development capabilities and professional services are second only to Beijing, ranking second in 35 cities across the country.
From the perspective of headquarters resources, Beijing and Shanghai are in the forefront of the country. The two cities have 104 and 43 domestic top 500 enterprises respectively, and the total number of domestic top 500 enterprises accounts for 29.4% of the country. The comprehensive scores of Guangzhou and Shenzhen are all above 75. Compared with the previous year, the distance from Beijing and Shanghai is further narrowed. Among them, Guangzhou's government service level is second only to Shanghai, ranking second in the country. Service and business facilities are among the top three; Shenzhen's openness continues to maintain the highest level in the country and remains the most important window for China's opening up.
Research shows that in 2012, the assets of 1,028 subsidiaries of 218 listed companies in Beijing exceeded 3 trillion yuan. Among them, the total assets of subsidiaries in 12 provinces and municipalities such as Hong Kong, Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangdong all reached more than 100 billion yuan. The radiation action of Beijing listed companies is achieved through two aspects:
The first is achieved through the layout of state-owned listed companies in the country. Among the listed companies in Beijing, state-owned listed companies accounted for 51%. State-owned listed companies rely on their strong economic strength and state-owned monopoly resources to make a national distribution, which has driven the rapid development of the national economy.
The second is to promote the development of other regions through the high-tech listed companies in the layout of industrialization bases for innovation results. In 2012, 201 listed companies in Zhongguancun achieved a consolidated income of 1.3 trillion yuan, of which the income outside Zhongguancun exceeded 1 trillion yuan, accounting for 75.4%.
Shanghai listed companies are also very strong in other regions. In 2012, the 728 subsidiaries of Shanghai's 202 listed companies in Shanghai had a total operating income of more than 4 trillion yuan.
Through the analysis of the spatial distribution of the branches of listed companies, Zhao Hong pointed out that Beijing and Shanghai each have their own characteristics in driving the development of regional economic development in the country, and there are certain differences: Beijing listed companies have a wide radius of radiation, and the economy of various regions of the country Development has a strong driving role, but the driving role of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is not outstanding; compared with this, Shanghai listed companies have a significant role in the economic belt of the "Yangtze River Delta" region, but they have a role in the national economy. Need to be further improved.
The Midwest is struggling to catch up with the most vigorous development
In addition to the first echelon, the regional central cities in the central and western regions struggled to catch up, and the comprehensive economic development capability of the headquarters reached a new level. The study shows that the Wuhan metropolitan area, Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration, and Central Plains economic zone in the central and western regions are the most intensive resources in China, the most comprehensive development strength, and the most vigorous development economy. Growth pole.
With the introduction and implementation of regional plans such as “Promoting the Rise of the Central Regionâ€, “Chengdu Economic Zone Regional Planning†and “Changzhutan Urban Agglomeration Regional Planningâ€, the implementation of a number of major projects and the implementation of relevant policies The land has promoted the rapid development of these regions, especially the regional central cities. The regional central cities represented by Wuhan, Chongqing, Changsha and Zhengzhou are strengthening economic strength, improving scientific and technological innovation capabilities, strengthening infrastructure construction, and improving the service environment. The achievements are remarkable, the rising trajectory is extremely obvious, and the comprehensive development capability of the headquarters economy has been greatly improved.
For example, in recent years, Changsha has actively integrated into the development of the Pan-Pearl River Delta region, promoted urban modernization on a large scale, and improved the comprehensive functions of central cities, especially in the approval of the construction of the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration and the development of a “two-oriented societyâ€. Since the reform experiment, Changsha's comprehensive strength has been greatly improved. The basic conditions have increased from the 13th in the previous year to the 12th in this year, and the research and development capability has risen from the 18th to the 12th in this year.
At the same time, some traditional central cities in various regions of the country have been rejuvenated, and the economic development of the headquarters has been on the rise. Some traditional central cities in the eastern, central and northeastern regions of China have accelerated the transformation of development mode, promoted the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, paid attention to the overall environmental transformation and upgrading, and relied on their own development foundation and location conditions to vigorously promote the innovation and development level of production organization patterns in traditional advantages. Upgrade the files, shape the new image of the city and new business cards, attract the headquarters enterprises that match the regional comparative advantages and transformation and upgrading direction, and improve the economic development level of the city headquarters.
From the perspective of the economic development capabilities of 35 city headquarters, cities such as Jinan, Harbin, Shijiazhuang, Haikou, Taiyuan and Fuzhou are on the rise. These cities are traditional central cities in various regions. In recent years, they have been guided by urban construction to consolidate cities. Significant achievements have been made in the development of basic conditions, the improvement of urban functions, the establishment of a modern image, and the improvement of the development environment. The status of a more competitive and influential central city has emerged.
For example, in recent years, Harbin’s economic strength has rapidly increased. In 2011, per capita GDP exceeded US$6,600, and economic restructuring has made substantial progress. The proportion of the output value of the six emerging industries has increased significantly. The basic conditions have increased from 33rd in the previous year to 27th this year. The business development environment continued to improve, and the level of business facilities ranked 15th, up 5 places from the previous year; technological innovation and support capacity continued to improve, and in 2010 was approved as the only national innovation pilot city in the Northeast. It has been rated as an advanced city for scientific and technological progress in the country. In 2011, the amount of technology contract transactions ranked among the top in the country, and its research and development capability has rapidly increased from the 26th place in the previous year to the 20th place in this year.
Leading industry innovation to drive regional transformation
“The headquarters economy can not only promote the extension of the industry to the high-end links of the value chain, but also drive the development of related production services, and promote the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure.â€
Zhao Hong pointed out that from the industrial structure of the top 500 enterprises in the country from 2008 to 2013, the number of manufacturing headquarters enterprises has decreased, from 303 in 2008 to 268 in 2013, a decrease of 35; The number of headquarters enterprises increased from 132 to 141, an increase of nine. The proportion of China's service industry in GDP has also increased steadily, from 41.8% in 2008 to 46.1% in 2013, an increase of 4.3 percentage points. The proportion of the tertiary industry exceeded the second production for the first time.
At the same time, the trend of service-oriented enterprise manufacturing enterprises is obvious. Many manufacturing-type headquarters companies are actively expanding their service business, and gradually transforming from a simple manufacturing enterprise to a "manufacturing + service integration" direction. Take Legend Holdings as an example. Since 2000, based on the original computer production and sales business, Legend Holdings has continued to expand its asset management, business incubator and other services. It has formed diversified businesses such as IT, real estate, modern agriculture, asset management, and incubator investment. Development pattern.
At the same time, the leading and leading companies in the relevant industries have become increasingly prominent. Zhao Hong pointed out that there are 54 companies in the top 500 ferrous metal smelting and rolling processing enterprises in the country, accounting for 0.5% of the total number of enterprises above designated size in the industry, but their total assets accounted for 69.8% of the total assets of the industry; A total of 51 wholesale and retail enterprises ranked among the top 500 in the country, accounting for 0.04% of the total number of wholesale and retail enterprises above designated size, but their total assets accounted for 13.1% of the industry.
In some emerging industries, headquarters companies have also become an important force in leading the industry's innovation and development. For example, there are 9 companies in the computer and communication industry that are among the top 500 in the country. These 9 companies are also the most innovative and leading enterprises in the industry. Among them, Huawei and ZTE's domestic invention patents in 2013 were 2,251 and 1,448, respectively. They have been ranked in the top five domestic invention patents for many years, and the two companies' invention patents accounted for 2.6% of the total national invention patents; The number of PCT international applications for home companies in 2013 was 2,094 and 2,309, respectively, ranking the top five in the world for many years.
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