Accelerating the pilot demonstration of low-carbon development is a key objective outlined in China’s 12th Five-Year Plan. It serves as an effective strategy to explore a green and low-carbon development path that aligns with national conditions, drive economic transformation, and enhance climate change resilience. This initiative is considered a critical step in the broader effort to build a sustainable future.
**I. Major Progress in Low-Carbon Pilot Demonstrations**
(1) **Advancements in Low-Carbon Provinces and Cities**
In 2010 and 2012, the National Development and Reform Commission launched two batches of 42 low-carbon provinces and cities. These regions have made significant progress by implementing targeted measures to control greenhouse gas emissions. They set more ambitious carbon intensity reduction goals for the "12th Five-Year" period and introduced practical policies to support these targets. By 2012, the 10 pilot provinces and cities saw an average 9.2% decrease in carbon intensity compared to 2010—exceeding the national average of 6.6%. Some cities also set peak emission targets, aiming to shift their economic models and optimize industrial and energy structures. Additionally, many regions have completed greenhouse gas inventory preparations and strengthened statistical systems. Policies promoting low-carbon technologies, such as carbon trading, low-carbon communities, and product certification, have been implemented, with several demonstration projects already underway.
(2) **Progress in Carbon Emission Trading Pilots**
Since the launch of the carbon trading pilot program in 2011, seven pilot provinces and cities have made steady progress. Shenzhen, for example, launched online trading in June 2013, with over 130,000 tons of COâ‚‚ traded by November, totaling more than RMB 8.5 million. Other cities like Shanghai and Beijing followed suit. Key efforts included strengthening leadership, conducting detailed company-level carbon inventories, and tailoring programs to local conditions. Each region adapted its approach based on specific needs, ensuring flexibility and relevance.
(3) **Other Developments**
Pilot projects for low-carbon product certification were initiated, covering items like cement and motors. Research into low-carbon communities and parks explored new management models to reduce household and industrial emissions. The CCUS (carbon capture, utilization, and storage) initiative was also promoted, with major companies like Sinopec and Huaneng launching demonstration projects.
**II. Future Steps for Deepening Low-Carbon Pilots**
Moving forward, China will expand multi-level and diversified low-carbon pilots to support ecological civilization and promote green growth. Key actions include developing major policy documents, improving the pilot model system, conducting evaluations, and enhancing capacity building. These efforts aim to ensure long-term sustainability and widespread adoption of low-carbon practices across the country.
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