Abstract With the increasing global energy consumption, conventional oil and gas has been unable to meet people's desire for energy. From the degree of attention of shale gas alone, it can be seen how urgent the energy sector is for excavating unconventional oil and gas resources. How hot is the shale gas? In the United States, shale gas...
With the increasing global energy consumption, conventional oil and gas has been unable to meet people's desire for energy. From the degree of attention of shale gas alone, it can be seen how urgent the energy sector is for excavating unconventional oil and gas resources. How hot is the shale gas? In the United States, the massive exploitation of shale gas has brought cheap energy to the public, and Americans have exclaimed the energy revolution, even known as the new "American Dream."
At the just-concluded Summer Davos Forum, leaders from Saudi Aramco, Shell, BASF and Dow Chemical all talked about shale gas when they talked about the world's energy landscape. Under heavy mining, future shale gas may become a cheap raw material for the chemical industry, bringing a new round of competitiveness to the US chemical industry.
In China, although it is too early to talk about the shale gas revolution, in addition to PetroChina and Sinopec [microblogging], a number of private enterprises and foreign companies are hoping to stand in the gust of the two major oil companies. In the past five years, the Ministry of Land and Resources has sold 21 shale gas blocks through two rounds of bidding, and introduced 17 investment entities other than oil companies with a total investment of more than 2 billion yuan.
The policy of shale gas is rising. Recently, Peng Qiming, Director of the Geological Exploration Department of the Ministry of Land and Resources, said at the briefing meeting on shale gas exploration and development that it will actively create a competitive, dynamic and orderly shale gas exploration and development market, and further sell a batch of shale to the society. The gas exploration block will enable more social capital including private enterprises to enter the field of shale gas exploration and development.
Yesterday, affected by this good news, the relevant stocks of the shale gas sector also responded. Analysts pointed out that as the policy is strengthened, two types of companies, such as shale gas exploration and drilling, will benefit first.
According to the forecast of the Ministry of Land and Resources, by 2015, China's shale gas production will reach 6.5 billion cubic meters, and in 2017 it will reach 15 billion cubic meters. By 2020, the national shale gas production will exceed 30 billion cubic meters. If the measures are right, it is expected to reach 40 billion to 60 billion cubic meters, accounting for about 1/5 of the total natural gas production.
As of the end of July 2014, there were 54 shale gas exploration rights in the country, covering an area of ​​170,000 square kilometers and a total investment of 20 billion yuan. At present, China's breakthroughs in shale gas exploration are mainly concentrated in Changning, Weiyuan, Zhaotong, Fuling and Yanchang in Sichuan and Ordos (7.38, 0.00, 0.00%) basins.
Among them, the most representative is the Fuling shale gas field of Sinopec. Currently, the gas field has entered commercial development. In the early morning of September 6, the integrated flowmeter of the gas gathering station of No. 6 Fuling shale gas field showed that the cumulative output of Jiao 6-2HF well reached 100 million cubic meters, becoming the first shale gas well in the country with a production exceeding 100 million square meters. At present, the country has the highest cumulative shale gas well.
For China, where natural gas is increasingly dependent on imports, the number of Fuling gas fields is enough to add another fire to the shale gas feast.
Shale gas, in simple terms, is natural gas stored in shale formations, but it is more difficult to mine than conventional natural gas. It is because of the difficulty of mining, and various problems have followed. Shale gas emissions are relatively low and can reduce air pollution. On the other hand, shale gas mining is faced with many environmental risks such as water pollution, air pollution and geological damage.
The research report of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences pointed out that the development of shale gas in China is still in the exploratory stage, and the relevant environmental protection and other regulatory systems have not yet been put on the agenda. However, no matter what mode the shale gas development in China will adopt in the future, environmental issues will be the focus of attention of all parties.
The hydraulic fracturing method used in the development of shale gas in the United States makes the water consumption in the development process huge. Whether this practice destroys the ecological environment has also attracted the attention of the outside world. Later, some states even issued a short-term ban on shale gas development, and the US Environmental Protection Agency began to conduct in-depth investigations on the environmental impact of shale gas development.
In this regard, Che Changbo, deputy director of the Department of Geological Exploration of the Ministry of Land and Resources, said that the development of shale gas will require a lot of water resources. At present, only a small number of horizontal wells in China are close to water.
Taking the Fuling gas field as an example, Che Changbo said that hundreds of wells were directly transferred from the Wujiang River, so that the water consumption of the local residents and the groundwater level were not affected. But in the long run, people will find a good solution to the problem of water, such as exploring waterless fracturing.
“But it is also necessary to explore, prevent and study whether shale gas development will bring pollution and disasters early. Our country's different departments and enterprises have done such work, called pollution in shale gas development. Assessment of disasters and earthquakes. At present, we have not heard about the earthquakes caused by the development of shale gas in Fuling, China, etc., said Che Changbo.
When Sinopec and Chongqing signed a strategic cooperation agreement for Fuling shale gas, Fu Chengyu, chairman of Sinopec, also stressed that Sinopec must ensure safe production during the development of shale gas and ensure that the environment and ecology are not damaged.
In order to avoid the pollution of groundwater generated by the shale gas exploration and development process, the construction team of the project will accurately survey the distribution of the dark rivers and caves within 100 meters of the underground before the well site is determined, and then according to the energy The well position can be determined by meeting the geological conditions and avoiding the requirements of the dark river and the cave. During the drilling process, when the drill bit enters the groundwater layer, it will always be drilled with clean water; after drilling through the groundwater layer, the water layer will be tightly sealed with a casing.
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