Since 2010, after more than two years of market cultivation, high-definition cameras are changing from "trends" to "realities." Many high-definition camera manufacturers have sprung up and traditional analog camera manufacturers are gradually transforming into HD. In the market, more and more agents, contractors and users have recognized HD. It can be said that since 2012, HD cameras have ushered in the peak of development.
Specifically, although it is still referred to as "million HD" in general, the definition of high-definition cameras has greatly improved, with pixels increasing from 600,000, 1.3 million, 2 million to 5 million, and some manufacturers even Declared that the pixel level has been raised to 20 million; in terms of transmission methods, both IP and HD-SDI have achieved rapid development, and each has occupied a notable small market share. In addition, HD cameras have also been greatly improved in terms of color reproduction and smart analysis.
However, due to factors such as immature technology and high cost, mainstream applications of high-definition camera products are concentrated in high-end markets such as government and banks, while other areas are still dominated by analog products. Among them, the current high-definition camera commonly used CMOS chip, the color saturation is low, the texture and sharpness of the performance is also slightly inferior, in the light of the night, the shooting results are often not ideal. Based on this, some manufacturers have introduced 960HCCD network high-definition products, using Sony Effio-EN700 line program, low illumination, pure digital interface, image pixels reach 600,000, not only can achieve high-definition shooting during the day, night can also clear color imaging, effective Solves the night vision problem of high-definition cameras.
Limitations of CMOS HD Cameras
The so-called CMOS, complementary metal oxide semiconductor, is a semiconductor made of silicon and germanium, and its basic functions are achieved through a negatively charged and positively charged transistor on the CMOS. Like CCDs (Charge Coupled Devices, which organize electrons from image semiconductors), they use "image semiconductor" sensors, which are PN semiconductors that combine photons that convert light. Become a proportional amount of electrons. However, in order to distinguish the two, we are customarily referred to as CMOS sensors or CCD sensors, respectively, but do not indicate the method of processing the images.
Compared with CCD sensors, CMOS sensors do not require complicated signal processing and directly convert the electrons generated by image semiconductors into voltage signals. They can process large amounts of data in a short period of time and output high-definition video, thus adapting to the needs of high-definition cameras. . Based on the advantages of high integration, its functions such as automatic gain control, automatic exposure control, gamma correction, backlight compensation and automatic black point correction are far more powerful than CCD sensors. At the same time, in order to make the video more convenient for network transmission, camera manufacturers are constantly improving the efficiency of image encoding and compression processing. Today, CMOS has taken the absolute lead in the chip technology of 1.3 million (720P) or higher pixel HD cameras.
But in terms of sensitivity, the human eye can see the goal of 1Lux illumination (equivalent to a full-moon sunny night environment); CCD sensors are only slightly better than the human eye, between 0.1 to 3 Lux; and the sensitivity of CMOS sensors is generally Between 6 and 15 Lux, equivalent to 1/10 to 1/3 of the CCD sensor, the noise is also nearly 10 times higher than the CCD sensor. Therefore, the CMOS camera is far less effective than the CCD sensor in nighttime lighting conditions. Although the CMOS sensor is very large, its sensitivity can be comparable with the CCD sensor, but the DSP processing speed requirements are also very high, virtually increasing the price of CMOS camera, can not be large-scale application in the short term.
In the future, with the gradual resolution of network bandwidth problems, high-definition cameras that combine the advantages of large-scale project construction costs and the convenience of upgrade and maintenance will be applied in a wider range, and even become the mainstream of surveillance cameras. However, from the current point of view, due to the fact that technologies such as night vision are not yet mature, coupled with high costs, the popularity of high-definition cameras has been greatly restricted.
For most users, nighttime is a period of high incidence of all kinds of crimes and crimes, which is the key period for security video surveillance. Choosing a camera with poor night vision effect will make video surveillance a huge blind spot in time, and it cannot meet the requirements of all-weather uninterrupted security. However, on the other hand, "users can see more clearly" and the need for remote monitoring, intelligent analysis, etc. are equally urgent. This requires the camera to find a balance between the daytime and nighttime shooting effects, and cannot simply return to the analog camera's old road. As a result, the 960H network high-definition technology has entered the vision of camera manufacturers.
Night Vision Principle of SonyEffio-EN Solution
In 2009, Sony Corporation of Japan introduced the Effio-E solution. The standard solution is: 4127+4816+673. With Effio-EDSP and 960HCCD (EXviewHADCCDII), can reach 700TVlines level resolution, image pixels up to about 600,000 pixels (pixel). Compared with previous solutions, it can provide clearer image, better color saturation and brightness.
As one of the most advanced chip technologies in analog imaging, the Sony Effio-E solution has the "three high" advantages of high resolution, high signal to noise ratio, and high color reproduction. It displays finer images after electronic zooming and uses 3D noise reduction technology to effectively reduce image noise in low-light environments and maintain image clarity. In addition, a higher color reproduction degree, a wider range of white balance auto-adjustment, and a zone compensation function can effectively improve dark area detail and over-exposure loss, and maximize the integrity of the captured image.
In practical applications, the Sony Effio-E solution often incorporates an infrared high-definition lens, the image details are excellent, the color reproduction is truly gorgeous, bright, non-color cast, and the image sharpness, light intensity processing ability is strong, with a realistic layering, the maximum Realize day/night imaging. At the same time, the latest generation of dot-matrix LED light sources (IRIV technology) has higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and lower power consumption. With intelligent light technology, infrared lamps and white light lamps fill the light at the same time, and night vision can achieve pure color effects.
In 2012, Sony upgraded its Effio-E solution and the Effio-EN solution came into being. Compared with the Effio-E solution, the new DSP's image quality, sensitivity and color saturation are more perfect. Especially in the transmission mode, from analog transmission to digital transmission, there has been a qualitative breakthrough in image fidelity.
Digital signal transmission
In the signal transmission process, the traditional analog camera must first convert the optical signal into an analog electrical signal through a sensor, then convert it into a digital signal for analog-to-digital conversion and chrominance and brightness processing, and then convert and modulate the digital signal into digital signals. The PAL/NTSC standard analog video signal is output. When it reaches a back-end device such as a DVR, the video capture chip converts the analog signal into a digital signal. In this process, a total of three AD conversions occurred, which may cause a certain degree of image quality damage. When the camera adopts the Sony Effio-ENF scheme, this transmission method cannot meet the requirements.
Therefore, some camera manufacturers have improved the transmission mode of the 960H CCD camera. The built-in network module in the camera adopts a pure digital interface, eliminating the need for signal compression and conversion, improving the transmission speed, and avoiding signal damage during transmission. . In terms of transmission methods, back-end equipment, etc., and millions of network HD cameras have achieved resource sharing.
At present, analog cameras still occupy the vast majority of market share. In the situation where high-definition video, especially CMOS high-definition video camera technology, is still not mature enough and the cost cannot drop rapidly, analog video surveillance will still exist for a long time. Although high-definition cameras have taken the lead in high-end markets such as governments and banks, analog cameras are still a cost-effective choice for small and medium-sized monitoring systems such as residential areas, shops, small supermarkets, and office buildings.
However, it should also be noted that China's security monitoring is moving from analog video surveillance to high-definition video surveillance. Users have higher and higher expectations for “see more clearly†and remote monitoring and intelligent analysis. The market share of analog cameras will gradually shrink. HD cameras represent the future of the industry. During the transitional period, the 960HCCD high-definition video camera, with the same outstanding advantages of daytime and nighttime effects, is expected to be used more widely in small and medium-sized surveillance fields that account for the majority of industries. After entering the era of full HD, its night vision technology can also bring certain inspiration to HD camera manufacturers.
Specifically, although it is still referred to as "million HD" in general, the definition of high-definition cameras has greatly improved, with pixels increasing from 600,000, 1.3 million, 2 million to 5 million, and some manufacturers even Declared that the pixel level has been raised to 20 million; in terms of transmission methods, both IP and HD-SDI have achieved rapid development, and each has occupied a notable small market share. In addition, HD cameras have also been greatly improved in terms of color reproduction and smart analysis.
However, due to factors such as immature technology and high cost, mainstream applications of high-definition camera products are concentrated in high-end markets such as government and banks, while other areas are still dominated by analog products. Among them, the current high-definition camera commonly used CMOS chip, the color saturation is low, the texture and sharpness of the performance is also slightly inferior, in the light of the night, the shooting results are often not ideal. Based on this, some manufacturers have introduced 960HCCD network high-definition products, using Sony Effio-EN700 line program, low illumination, pure digital interface, image pixels reach 600,000, not only can achieve high-definition shooting during the day, night can also clear color imaging, effective Solves the night vision problem of high-definition cameras.
Limitations of CMOS HD Cameras
The so-called CMOS, complementary metal oxide semiconductor, is a semiconductor made of silicon and germanium, and its basic functions are achieved through a negatively charged and positively charged transistor on the CMOS. Like CCDs (Charge Coupled Devices, which organize electrons from image semiconductors), they use "image semiconductor" sensors, which are PN semiconductors that combine photons that convert light. Become a proportional amount of electrons. However, in order to distinguish the two, we are customarily referred to as CMOS sensors or CCD sensors, respectively, but do not indicate the method of processing the images.
Compared with CCD sensors, CMOS sensors do not require complicated signal processing and directly convert the electrons generated by image semiconductors into voltage signals. They can process large amounts of data in a short period of time and output high-definition video, thus adapting to the needs of high-definition cameras. . Based on the advantages of high integration, its functions such as automatic gain control, automatic exposure control, gamma correction, backlight compensation and automatic black point correction are far more powerful than CCD sensors. At the same time, in order to make the video more convenient for network transmission, camera manufacturers are constantly improving the efficiency of image encoding and compression processing. Today, CMOS has taken the absolute lead in the chip technology of 1.3 million (720P) or higher pixel HD cameras.
But in terms of sensitivity, the human eye can see the goal of 1Lux illumination (equivalent to a full-moon sunny night environment); CCD sensors are only slightly better than the human eye, between 0.1 to 3 Lux; and the sensitivity of CMOS sensors is generally Between 6 and 15 Lux, equivalent to 1/10 to 1/3 of the CCD sensor, the noise is also nearly 10 times higher than the CCD sensor. Therefore, the CMOS camera is far less effective than the CCD sensor in nighttime lighting conditions. Although the CMOS sensor is very large, its sensitivity can be comparable with the CCD sensor, but the DSP processing speed requirements are also very high, virtually increasing the price of CMOS camera, can not be large-scale application in the short term.
In the future, with the gradual resolution of network bandwidth problems, high-definition cameras that combine the advantages of large-scale project construction costs and the convenience of upgrade and maintenance will be applied in a wider range, and even become the mainstream of surveillance cameras. However, from the current point of view, due to the fact that technologies such as night vision are not yet mature, coupled with high costs, the popularity of high-definition cameras has been greatly restricted.
For most users, nighttime is a period of high incidence of all kinds of crimes and crimes, which is the key period for security video surveillance. Choosing a camera with poor night vision effect will make video surveillance a huge blind spot in time, and it cannot meet the requirements of all-weather uninterrupted security. However, on the other hand, "users can see more clearly" and the need for remote monitoring, intelligent analysis, etc. are equally urgent. This requires the camera to find a balance between the daytime and nighttime shooting effects, and cannot simply return to the analog camera's old road. As a result, the 960H network high-definition technology has entered the vision of camera manufacturers.
Night Vision Principle of SonyEffio-EN Solution
In 2009, Sony Corporation of Japan introduced the Effio-E solution. The standard solution is: 4127+4816+673. With Effio-EDSP and 960HCCD (EXviewHADCCDII), can reach 700TVlines level resolution, image pixels up to about 600,000 pixels (pixel). Compared with previous solutions, it can provide clearer image, better color saturation and brightness.
As one of the most advanced chip technologies in analog imaging, the Sony Effio-E solution has the "three high" advantages of high resolution, high signal to noise ratio, and high color reproduction. It displays finer images after electronic zooming and uses 3D noise reduction technology to effectively reduce image noise in low-light environments and maintain image clarity. In addition, a higher color reproduction degree, a wider range of white balance auto-adjustment, and a zone compensation function can effectively improve dark area detail and over-exposure loss, and maximize the integrity of the captured image.
In practical applications, the Sony Effio-E solution often incorporates an infrared high-definition lens, the image details are excellent, the color reproduction is truly gorgeous, bright, non-color cast, and the image sharpness, light intensity processing ability is strong, with a realistic layering, the maximum Realize day/night imaging. At the same time, the latest generation of dot-matrix LED light sources (IRIV technology) has higher photoelectric conversion efficiency and lower power consumption. With intelligent light technology, infrared lamps and white light lamps fill the light at the same time, and night vision can achieve pure color effects.
In 2012, Sony upgraded its Effio-E solution and the Effio-EN solution came into being. Compared with the Effio-E solution, the new DSP's image quality, sensitivity and color saturation are more perfect. Especially in the transmission mode, from analog transmission to digital transmission, there has been a qualitative breakthrough in image fidelity.
Digital signal transmission
In the signal transmission process, the traditional analog camera must first convert the optical signal into an analog electrical signal through a sensor, then convert it into a digital signal for analog-to-digital conversion and chrominance and brightness processing, and then convert and modulate the digital signal into digital signals. The PAL/NTSC standard analog video signal is output. When it reaches a back-end device such as a DVR, the video capture chip converts the analog signal into a digital signal. In this process, a total of three AD conversions occurred, which may cause a certain degree of image quality damage. When the camera adopts the Sony Effio-ENF scheme, this transmission method cannot meet the requirements.
Therefore, some camera manufacturers have improved the transmission mode of the 960H CCD camera. The built-in network module in the camera adopts a pure digital interface, eliminating the need for signal compression and conversion, improving the transmission speed, and avoiding signal damage during transmission. . In terms of transmission methods, back-end equipment, etc., and millions of network HD cameras have achieved resource sharing.
At present, analog cameras still occupy the vast majority of market share. In the situation where high-definition video, especially CMOS high-definition video camera technology, is still not mature enough and the cost cannot drop rapidly, analog video surveillance will still exist for a long time. Although high-definition cameras have taken the lead in high-end markets such as governments and banks, analog cameras are still a cost-effective choice for small and medium-sized monitoring systems such as residential areas, shops, small supermarkets, and office buildings.
However, it should also be noted that China's security monitoring is moving from analog video surveillance to high-definition video surveillance. Users have higher and higher expectations for “see more clearly†and remote monitoring and intelligent analysis. The market share of analog cameras will gradually shrink. HD cameras represent the future of the industry. During the transitional period, the 960HCCD high-definition video camera, with the same outstanding advantages of daytime and nighttime effects, is expected to be used more widely in small and medium-sized surveillance fields that account for the majority of industries. After entering the era of full HD, its night vision technology can also bring certain inspiration to HD camera manufacturers.
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