The Yanmenguan area is located in the northern and western parts of Shanxi Province, at the intersection of Mongolia, Yunnan, and Shaanxi. This region faces environmental challenges and has a high concentration of poverty, yet it possesses vast land and rich grassland resources. To address these issues, local farmers have turned to unconventional feed sources for dairy farming. By utilizing non-traditional feed materials, they reduce reliance on grain-based feeds, increase milk production, and minimize environmental impact. With the help of advanced technologies and government support, the use of unconventional feed has become more widespread, contributing positively to sustainable agriculture and ecological conservation.
In the Yanmenguan area, dairy farming relies on both conventional and unconventional forage resources. Conventional feed includes corn, soybean meal, soybean hulls, bran, silage, corn stalks, alfalfa, and Northeast Leymus. Corn and bran are mostly sourced locally, with some imported as supplements. Soybean meal and soybean hulls are mainly outsourced, while silage is cultivated locally and comes in different forms such as whole-plant silage, early-waxed corn silage, and green corn stalk silage. Corn stalks are grown locally, and alfalfa and Leymus are primarily imported from regions like Gansu, Inner Mongolia, and even the U.S.
Unconventional forage resources include by-products such as beer grains, distiller’s grains, corn husks, potato starch residue, tomato slag, beet leaves, sunflower shell waste, flax straw, and potato vines. These materials offer cost-effective and environmentally friendly alternatives to traditional feed. For example, beer grains, a by-product of brewing, contain high levels of protein and yeast, making them ideal for increasing milk yield in lactating cows. Similarly, distiller’s grains, derived from barley, provide valuable nutrients when used properly.
Corn husks, rich in protein and low in crude fiber, can replace up to 50% of bran in feed rations. Potato starch residue, though often discarded, holds potential as a feed resource if properly collected and dried. Tomato slag, despite its high moisture content, is rich in protein and lycopene and can be used as roughage after silage processing. Beet leaves and sunflower shells also show promise as feed materials due to their nutrient content and digestibility.
By integrating these unconventional feed sources into dairy farming practices, the Yanmenguan area not only improves economic efficiency but also supports environmental sustainability. The continued development and utilization of these resources play a crucial role in the future of animal husbandry in this region.
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