Future Perspectives on Energy Sustainable Development

Improving the Economic Growth Model and Developing a Green Economy

Energy security is not just a national concern but also a global one. In today's interconnected and deeply integrated world, true security can only be achieved through shared efforts. Only by enhancing international cooperation comprehensively can we achieve mutual benefits and maximize the well-being of people across the globe. China has already engaged in extensive collaboration with countries around the world—both major energy exporters and importers—to maintain a stable international energy security order. This cooperation reflects a shared understanding that energy security is a collective responsibility. During the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" and "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" periods, China experienced rapid economic growth. However, in recent years, its growth rate has slowed down. This is a natural outcome of structural adjustment. Despite this, China will avoid a hard landing, as its economy remains resilient and adaptable. The slowdown in growth has also provided an opportunity for China to restructure its economy. While maintaining a growth rate of about 7.5% over the long term, China’s energy demand will increase steadily. However, this growth will not come at the expense of environmental degradation. The past model of high-energy consumption and high-emission growth will be replaced with a more sustainable and efficient approach. China has integrated climate change into its mid- and long-term development plans, aiming to build a low-carbon and recycling-based green economy. It is gradually establishing industries, buildings, and transportation systems that are environmentally friendly and resource-efficient. This shift is helping to create a national economic structure that is technologically advanced, resource-saving, and economically and environmentally beneficial. Smart grids play a crucial role in energy efficiency and low-carbon development. The power system, consisting of generators, transformers, transmission lines, and substations, is one of the most complex man-made energy systems. Its real-time nature requires electricity to be produced and consumed simultaneously. This makes power data highly accurate and valuable for monitoring economic activity. In modern society, economic operations and industrial production rely heavily on electricity. Power data provide extensive and timely insights into the relationship between inputs and outputs in production. Using power parameters, we can identify different stages of economic development. According to China’s power data, the country is currently in the late stage of industrialization, with per capita electricity consumption ranging from 2,400 to 4,500 kilowatt-hours annually. In 2012, China’s per capita electricity consumption reached 3,800 kilowatt-hours. To meet growing electricity demand, traditional power planning has been used. However, it is now essential to rethink this approach. Energy-saving measures on the demand side should be prioritized, effectively creating what is known as an "energy efficiency power plant." In 2012, China’s total installed capacity was 1.144 billion kilowatts. By 2020, it is expected to reach 1.935 billion kilowatts, and by 2030, 2.8 billion kilowatts. Meanwhile, energy efficiency power plants could save up to 200 million kilowatts by 2020 and 400 million kilowatts by 2030. China is committed to a low-carbon development path, and smart grids will play a key role in achieving energy efficiency and emission reduction. The more energy-efficient power plants are built, the greater the impact on sustainability. China’s smart grid development has unique advantages, including institutional support. There are many demonstration projects, such as wind power integration. Due to uneven resource distribution, wind power is concentrated in western regions, while electricity demand is higher in eastern and central areas. This necessitates long-distance transmission, which relies on smart grid technology. The key to green energy lies in intelligence. As we explore renewable energy sources, we must recognize that not all green energy is truly sustainable. Environmental costs are often overlooked during development. Therefore, the future of energy should focus on smart development, allowing for flexible energy consumption patterns. Energy security remains a top global priority, involving both supply shortages and environmental challenges. While industrialization affects the environment, we cannot sacrifice development for sustainability. Green energy must balance environmental protection with accessibility and affordability. Renewable energy, such as solar power, can be part of the solution, but it also has environmental impacts. For example, the production of photovoltaic panels may cause pollution. Thus, the key to green energy is not just its renewability, but its intelligence and effective environmental management. Community-level intelligence is also important. Smart homes and buildings can automatically adjust energy use when unoccupied, promoting energy savings. A smart community should be compact, convenient, and eco-friendly, with diverse transport options and a harmonious relationship with nature. Integrating energy intelligence with community intelligence is essential. Only through seamless connections can we enhance the overall level of social intelligence and achieve more sustainable energy use. Promoting low-carbon technologies, developing a circular economy, and pursuing green development are vital policies for China to ensure energy security and achieve sustainable growth. China is paying close attention to the potential of shale gas and has included it in its "Twelfth Five-Year Plan," aiming to improve energy security through this new resource. The shale gas revolution is transforming the global energy market. The U.S. is becoming a leading producer, reducing its reliance on Middle East oil. In contrast, countries like China, India, Japan, and Europe will become more dependent on energy imports. Asian natural gas importers should collaborate to establish a regional pricing system, enhancing their bargaining power. This shift will significantly impact China’s future energy security. Strengthening cooperation with the U.S. on shale gas and other energy issues will help both countries achieve common energy goals.

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