In the dormant period and early spring, fruit trees and pests tend to gather in their wintering sites. During this time, the insects are of similar age, making it easier to eliminate them in a centralized manner. This is also the weakest stage of the year for pests, making it an ideal time for control. At this point, deciduous fruit trees still have their leaves, which means they are stronger and more resistant. Spraying during this time is more effective and even, reducing the amount of **pesticide** needed.
Therefore, using the timing of winter and early spring, combined with proper agricultural practices, can lead to the most effective prevention and control of pests and diseases. The main measures include:
1. Plowing, adding organic fertilizer, and improving irrigation and drainage systems. The plowing depth should not be less than 60 cm. This helps improve soil structure, increase fertility, promote tree growth, and enhance resistance to pests and diseases. It also brings overwintering pests to the surface where they can freeze, be eaten by birds or natural predators, or be crushed by farming tools. Weeds, fallen leaves, and diseased fruits are also turned under the soil, which not only increases the nutrient content but also reduces the sources of pests and diseases. After plowing, applying more organic fertilizer in winter is beneficial for soil improvement, root development, and disease and pest resistance. Additionally, combining plowing with irrigation and drainage improvements helps manage water levels, promoting healthy tree growth and better fruit production.
2. Pruning, scraping bark, and whitewashing. Proper pruning improves air circulation and light penetration, allows for balanced fruit bearing, prevents alternate bearing, and enhances the tree’s ability to resist pests and diseases. When pruning, cut off any infested branches, shoots, or twigs and burn them deeply. Protect the pruning wounds with Bordeaux mixture to prevent bacterial infections and pest infestations. In winter, remove old bark, cracks, and lesions from the trunk, and burn them to eliminate pests like red spiders, leaf miners, star caterpillars, and armyworms that overwinter in these areas, as well as diseases such as dry rot, decay, and ring rot. After scraping the bark, apply a white wash evenly to protect the tree.
3. Chemical control. In the late dormant stage, spray the trees once with a 4% oil-based emulsion, followed by another spray after about 15 days. This significantly reduces the occurrence of pests and fruit tree diseases. For specific pests like beetles, mix a contact pesticide into a 50-fold solution and apply it directly to the affected areas.
According to the **China Pesticide Network**, as temperatures gradually rise in early spring, fruit trees begin to come out of dormancy. At this time, various pests and diseases start to become active and infect the trees. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the specific types of pests and diseases and apply the appropriate treatments to effectively control them.
Ball Valve
Ball valve is evolved from the plug valve, its opening and closing parts as a ball, using the ball to rotate 90 degrees around the axis of the stem to achieve the purpose of opening and closing, the difference is that the cock body is a ball, with a circular through hole or channel through its axis. The ratio of the sphere to the passageway should be such that when the ball is rotated 90 degrees, the inlet and outlet should be completely spherical, thus cutting off the flow.
The role of ball valve in the pipeline is mainly used to cut off, distribute and change the direction of media flow, designed into the V-shaped opening ball valve also has good flow regulation function.
Ball valve is not only simple in structure, good sealing performance, but also in a certain nominal range of small volume, light weight, less material consumption, small installation size, and driving torque is small, easy to operate, easy to realize rapid opening and closing, is one of the fastest developing valve varieties in recent decades. Especially in the United States, Japan, Germany, France, Italy, West, Britain and other industrial developed countries, ball valves are widely used, the variety and number of use is still continuing to expand, and to high temperature, high pressure, large mouth, high sealing, long life, excellent regulatory performance and a valve multifunctional direction, its reliability and other performance indicators have reached a higher level, And has partially replaced Gate Valve, Globe Valve, Regulating Valve.
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