Application of High Rigidity Bearings

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High rigidity bearings are essential in many mechanical systems where precision, stability, and load capacity are critical. These bearings are designed to minimize deformation under high loads and maintain accuracy over time. In this article, we will explore the methods for improving shaft support rigidity, how to select the right bearing based on rigidity considerations, and the technologies used to enhance bearing performance. First, improving the rigidity of the shaft support is crucial. This can be achieved through several key strategies: 1. **Choosing high-rigidity bearings** – Bearings with higher rigidity are better suited for applications requiring minimal deflection. 2. **Applying advanced bearing technology** – Proper application techniques can significantly enhance support rigidity. 3. **Adjusting the host layout parameters** – Optimizing the arrangement of components can improve overall system rigidity. When selecting a bearing based on rigidity, consider the following factors: 1. **Roller bearings** generally have higher rigidity compared to ball bearings. 2. Bearings with **larger dimensions** offer greater rigidity than smaller ones. Even if the diameter is the same, a bearing with a larger width provides better rigidity. 3. Bearings with **multiple rows of rolling elements** or **more columns** tend to have better rigidity. 4. **Adjustable clearance bearings** can help improve support rigidity by reducing play. 5. In certain cases, bearings without inner or outer rings can be used to reduce deformation and increase the number of rolling elements. To further enhance shaft support rigidity, various technologies can be applied: 1. **Improving surface finish and geometric accuracy** – A smoother surface and better shape accuracy lead to higher support rigidity. Surface treatments such as hardening and polishing can also contribute to improved performance. 2. **Pre-tightening the bearing** – Axial pre-tightening is suitable for ball or tapered roller bearings, while radial pre-tightening works well for short cylindrical roller bearings. This method can significantly increase rigidity but must be carefully controlled to avoid excessive friction, heat, and reduced lifespan. 3. **Using paired bearings** – For thrust bearings, pairing them with large outer ring end faces helps improve resistance to overturning moments and reduces the need for frequent adjustments due to temperature changes. 4. **Multi-bearing support systems** – Using multiple bearings per support point increases rigidity. This approach is commonly used in machine tool spindles, where several sets of radial-thrust bearings are employed for stable support. It’s important to monitor the deformation during pre-tightening and ensure that the relationship between load and deformation remains linear. Once a stable stiffness is achieved, the preloading process should be stopped to avoid unnecessary stress on the bearing. In conclusion, the correct selection and application of high rigidity bearings can greatly improve the performance and longevity of mechanical systems. Whether you're working on machine tools, industrial equipment, or precision instruments, understanding these principles is essential for optimal results.

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