It is currently believed that age hardening is the result of segregation of solute atoms to form a hardened zone. It depends not only on the composition of the alloying elements, the ageing process, but also on the state of defects produced in the production process of the alloy, especially The number and distribution of vacancies, dislocations, etc. In general, the aging of aluminum alloys is mainly affected by the following factors.
1) Effect of solution treatment of alloy
In order to obtain a good aging strengthening effect, the quenching heating temperature should be higher and the holding time should be longer without overheating, overheating, and grain growth, which is favorable for obtaining a uniform solid solution with a large degree of supersaturation. In addition, during the quenching process, the second phase cannot be precipitated. Otherwise, during the subsequent aging treatment, the precipitated phase will act as a nucleus, causing local non-uniform precipitation and reducing the aging strengthening effect.
2) The regression of aluminum alloy
After quenching, the aluminum alloy after natural aging is reheated to 200-250°C, and then cooled to room temperature, the strength of the alloy is reduced, it becomes soft again, and the performance is restored to the just quenched state; if it is placed at room temperature, it is the same as the newly quenched alloy. Normal natural aging can still be performed. This phenomenon is called regression. In theory, the regression process is not limited by the number of treatments, but in fact, it is difficult to completely re-dissolve the precipitated phases during the regression treatment, resulting in the partial precipitation of the precipitated phases in the later aging process, so that the aging strengthening effect is gradually reduced. Therefore, the regression treatment is only used for repairing rivets used in aircraft, and this phenomenon can be utilized to perform riveting at any time, but it is rarely used for other aluminum alloys.
3) Effect of aging temperature
When aging at different temperatures, the critical crystal nuclei of the precipitated phases have different size, quantity, composition and rate of aggregation and growth. If the temperature is too low, the GP zone is not easy to form due to the difficulty of diffusion, and the strength and hardness after aging are low and the aging temperature is too high. When it is high, the diffusion is easy to proceed, and the critical nucleus size of the precipitated phase in the supersaturated solid solution is large, and the strength and hardness after aging are low, that is, overaging occurs. Therefore, various alloys have a suitable aging temperature.
4) Effect of Alloy Chemical Composition
Whether an alloy can be strengthened by ageing depends, first, on whether the elements that make up the alloy dissolve in the solid solution and the extent to which the solid solubility varies with temperature. For example, the solid solubility of silicon and manganese in aluminum is relatively small and varies little with temperature. However, although magnesium and zinc have a greater solid solubility in aluminum-based solid solutions, the structure and matrix of the compounds formed with aluminum are similar. Little difference, little effect of strengthening. Therefore, binary aluminum-silicon, aluminum-manganese, aluminum-magnesium, and aluminum-zinc are usually not subjected to the aging strengthening treatment, and some binary alloys, such as aluminum-copper alloys, and ternary alloys or multicomponent alloys are used.
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