Xiang Xuelan cultivation points:
Soil preparation:
Xiang Xuelan likes sandy loam with rich organic matter, strong water retention and good drainage, pH 6～7.2. The soil disinfection before planting can be treated with 6-10 g of pentachloronitrobenzene per square meter, 50-70 g of methyl bromide and 8-12 g of silan. After the application, the hoe is flattened and can be sown every 5 to 7 days. The height of the planting bed is about 5cm in the arid area; the bed surface with high soil moisture and difficult drainage is 20~25cm.
Seed preparation:
The natural dormancy period of the scented bulbs is very long, about 50 to 60 days. After the general seed ball is excavated, it is stored at 28-31 ° C, germinated after 2 to 3 months, and can be dormant for about 8 months at a low temperature of 13 ° C. Therefore, it is necessary to break the dormancy by the high temperature and then low temperature treatment before planting.
Seed selection:
The bulb for cultivation should be a large ball with a diameter of 1 cm or more. In order to reduce the virus infection, it is necessary to use a detoxified tissue culture ball or a new ball cultivated by seeds and sub-balls. Generally, tissue culture seedlings, or seeds, are sown, and the small balls can be bred to a high quality bulb after 1 to 2 years of cultivation.
1. Seed ball pretreatment: Before planting, the bulbs need to be disinfected, broken dormant, and promote rooting and other pretreatment. The ball can be disinfected by using 500-800 times liquid carbendazim or methyl thiophanate and other fungicides for 1 ~ 2h (hours), and pick up the dry. The root-promoting treatment should be planted after the roots are grown, and the roots should not be too long, otherwise the roots will be easily damaged when planted.
2. Planting: The general cultivation period is from September to October, and the wintering through the protection facilities, the main flowering period is from March to April. At the time of planting, if the planting is properly carried out, then the cultivation and delayed cultivation can be used to make the anniversary of the fragrance. The cultivation distance varies depending on the variety, bulb size, and cultivation season. Generally, the row spacing of planting plants is 8cm × (10 ~ 14) cm, and the planting density per square meter is 80 ~ 110 plants. The narrow-leaf varieties are denser than the broad-leaf varieties, and the winter cultivation is denser than the summer, and the small balls are denser than the large ones. When planting, usually cover 2~3cm of soil, avoid too thick. After planting, the soil surface is often covered with a thin layer of peat soil or pine needles, straw, sawdust, etc., to keep the soil moist.
3. Fertilizer management: The soil must be kept moist after planting until germination. After the bud, it is necessary to gradually reduce the amount of watering, and try to keep the soil surface dry, so as to reduce the air humidity and prevent diseases. From planting to flowering time, the organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer applied before planting can basically meet the growth needs, but if the plant grows weakly, in the case of 2 to 4 leaves, the ammonium nitrate and urea are applied again. Potassium sulfate. At the initial flowering, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for foliar fertilization, but it is best to avoid topdressing before and after buds.
4. Temperature management: Temperature management is very important for the production of scented cut flowers. Generally, the inflorescence is completely differentiated about 6 weeks after planting, and the smaller bulbs are delayed by 2 to 3 weeks. In the flower bud differentiation period, high temperatures above 25 ° C and low temperatures below 10 ° C should be avoided. From the 4 leaf stage, it is guaranteed that the temperature is maintained at 13 to 14 ° C for more than 4 weeks to smoothly induce flower primordium differentiation during 4 to 6 leaves, which is beneficial to the yield and quality of cut flowers. After the emergence of flower buds, the ambient temperature is appropriately raised to promote flowering; however, in order to prolong the flowering period, when the first flower is opened, the temperature can be lowered to about 15 °C, so that the harvesting period of cut flowers is prolonged. Greenhouse and greenhouse management should pay attention to room temperature above 25 °C to ventilate, 10 °C below to cover insulation or heating.
5, light management: seedling period and flowering period should be properly shaded during cultivation. In the first leaf growth period, proper shading can reduce the ground temperature and promote root development. It is beneficial to promote the differentiation of flower buds and increase the number of flowers and the number of flowers on the inflorescences and the number of side ears in the short daylight treatment of about 10 hours before flower bud differentiation. Proper extension of sunshine after flower bud differentiation is completed will promote the good development of flower inflorescence and early flowering. Although Xiang Xuelan is happy, it should also avoid strong light. In the case of excessive light and high temperature, it can be shaded with a sunshade with a transmittance of 70%.
6, pull the net: Xiangxue orchid branches are soft, inflorescences inflection, the flowers are easy to make the branches drooping, lodging. In the 3~4 leaf stage of the plant, the stent net can be set up, and the first layer of net is set from about 25cm away from the ground, and 2~3 layers of net are set along with the growth of the plant. Generally, the grid of the net is made of a square of 10 cm × 10 cm or 10 cm × 15 cm.
7. Cut flower harvesting: When the first small flower on the main flower branch of Xiangxuelan is unfolded, it is suitable for harvesting. When transporting or storing over long distances, cut the first flower when it is exposed or half open. The cutting tool should be disinfected with alcohol to prevent infectious diseases. The shearing position is generally at the base of the main flowering branch of the plant, so that the lateral flowering skill at the lower node of the main flowering branch continues the second or third harvesting. The length of the cut flower squid is more than 55cm. If the cut flower inflorescence is small and the flower stem is too short to affect the quality of the product, the side flower branch can be cut off together with the side branch when cutting the main flower branch. Cut flowers after cutting, the varieties are bundled according to the quality of the flowering branches, each 10 or 20 branches, the flowers are partially wrapped in paper, put into the preservation liquid or water to absorb water. Dry storage or wet storage at a temperature of 1 to 2 ° C and 90% relative humidity for 7 days; outside the carton packaging. 300 to 500 per case. The last cut flower cut retains at least 2 leaves to facilitate the development of the underground part of the bulb, usually after the leaves are yellowed.
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