Application of
In recent years, China's animal husbandry and feed industry has developed very rapidly, and the contradiction of scarcity of feed resources has become increasingly prominent. According to experts' prediction, from 2010 to 2020, the difference between China's protein feed is 24 million tons to 48 million tons, and the difference between cakes and cakes is 25.6 million tons. For a long time, China has mainly used soybean meal as a raw material for protein feed, which has caused the supply of soybean meal to become increasingly tight and the prices fluctuate from time to time.
Soybean meal and crude protein content
China produces a large amount of weeds every year, such as cottonseed cakes with an annual output of more than 6 million tons and rapeseed cakes of about 3 million tons. The current high feed value. The protein content of various chowders is very high. For example, the crude protein content of peanut meal is higher than that of soybean meal, the cottonseed meal is close to soybean meal, and the crude protein content of rapeseed meal and sunflower seed meal is equivalent to about 80% of soybean meal. The average amino acid digestibility of some chowders is also high, such as sunflower seed meal up to 89% (the average digestibility of soybean meal amino acids is 90%). In addition, the chowder is rich in other nutrients. For example, most of the chowder contains high linoleic acid, and the available phosphorus content is higher than that of soybean meal. The flaxseed linolenic acid content is very rich, and the B vitamin content of sunflower seed meal is significantly higher than that of soybean meal.
However, due to the inherent defects of high levels of anti-nutritional factors and many toxic substances, the amount of the hydrazine itself has been difficult to increase in the feed. Research and practice have proved that the use of modern bioengineering technology-enzyme preparations to improve the use and utilization of miscellaneous in feed is one of the most effective methods.
Miscellaneous problems in feed application
The content of crude fiber is high, especially when the shelling is insufficient during processing. For example, the crude fiber content of cottonseed cake can be as high as 17%, the crude fiber content of flaxseed can reach 28%, and the content of crude fiber of shelled pressed sunflower seeds can be as high as 32%. Crude fibers mainly include cellulose, hemicellulose (arabin xylan, etc.), pectin and lignin. The crude fiber can not be digested and utilized by the monogastric animal itself. The "dilution" effect reduces the nutrient concentration of the cake material itself, and also affects the digestion and absorption of other nutrients, and exhibits anti-nutritional effects.
Several protein feed raw materials, pig amino acid ileal true digestibility, high cellulose content, not only encapsulate nutrients, hinder full contact with digestive enzymes, but also increase the loss of endogenous nutrients, reduce the utilization of nutrients in feed, and The metal ions such as calcium, copper, iron and zinc in the diet undergo chelation reaction to form insoluble salts, which affect the absorption and utilization of mineral elements.
The effect of cellulose content on the mineral element deposition rate of broilers contains more water-soluble non-starch polysaccharides (SNSP) such as xylan, which increases the viscosity of intestinal chyme, which makes the intestinal contents difficult to move, hindering the digestive enzymes and substrates. The interaction between the two forms a stationary water layer, which causes physical obstacles to the absorption of nutrients, increases the water holding capacity, and reduces the diffusion rate of the digested products to the surface of the mucosa, thus greatly affecting the utilization of nutrients.
Arabinoxylan content and protein egg digestibility
An anti-nutritional factor containing protein properties such as trypsin inhibitor and plant lectin can be inactivated by combining with trypsin and chymotrypsin, resulting in hypertrophy of the pancreas; tightly binding to the mucosa of the small intestine wall, affecting the absorption of nutrients , resulting in changes in digestive enzyme activity and excessive secretion of endogenous proteins, increased amount of mucin, etc., ultimately in reducing nutrient utilization and inhibiting animal growth.
Proteins with special structures, some binding bonds are difficult to be cleaved by enzymes in the digestive tract, and must be lysed using a suitable enzyme preparation.
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