Triazoles are currently the most widely used fungicides in production, but I am afraid that many people are not very familiar with the characteristics of triazole fungicides, and there are fewer application techniques.
Fungi are cell organisms, that is, the hyphae and spores of fungi are composed of multiple cells. Like plants and bacteria, fungal cells have cell walls and cell membranes.
In the cell wall of most fungi, chitin and glucose are used as skeletons, which are filled with various polysaccharides and glycoproteins secreted by cell membranes.
Unlike other organisms, the fungal cell membrane contains a large amount of ergosterol. This kind of substance is gradually synthesized by the fungus during its growth and development.
The triazole fungicide achieves the antibacterial and bactericidal effects by inhibiting the synthesis of these ergosterols in the fungal cell membrane.
Fungi without normal cell membranes are difficult to form normal cell walls.
Eventually the whole cell will disintegrate and die.
1. Triazole fungicides are agents for fungal diseases and are ineffective against diseases caused by bacteria, viruses and other pathogenic bacteria.
Before infecting the host tissue, the phytopathogenic fungus germinates from the spores or hyphae into asexual spores, and the asexual spores produce germ tubes or aspirator, and then invade into the plant tissues.
When asexual spores are produced, the cell membrane and cell wall are naturally synthesized simultaneously.
2. The optimal use timing of triazole fungicides is the initial stage of disease infection. At this time, the pathogens begin to develop new asexual spores while taking organic nutrients in the host. Therefore, triazole fungicides are therapeutic fungicides.
3. In production, the triazoles should be mixed with other fungicides of other sterilization mechanisms, and the effect will be better. For example, it is compounded with protective fungicides such as pyraclostrobin, copper preparation, and mancozeb, to eliminate most of the spores before the germination, and then to clean up the residues that have invaded the plants;
4, different triazole fungicides have different control spectrums. Sometimes two triazole fungicides can be mixed together to exert better sterilization effect. For example, propiconazole and difenoconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole, prochloraz and imazalil.
The development of triazole fungicides has gone through three stages. After scientists have studied the synthesis mechanism of ergosterols of major plant pathogenic fungi, they have specifically synthesized different triazole fungicides. To date, there have been more than 40 varieties of triazole fungicides.
5. Triazole fungicides are ineffective against diseases caused by low-grade fungi such as downy mildew and epidemics.
When lower fungi form cell membranes, they lack the ability to synthesize ergosterol and can only be metabolized to ergosterol using organic matter obtained from other sources.
6, triazole fungicides do not inhibit the cell membrane synthesis of plants, relatively safe for plants.
The plant cell membrane does not contain ergosterol, but contains another similar substance, cycloartenol.
7, triazole fungicides can not be used in the early stages of plant growth, such as grasses before tillering or before broad-leaved plant flower bud differentiation. Gramineous plants are more resistant to triazole fungicides than broadleaf plants.
Triazoles can inhibit the synthesis of gibberellins in plants, causing slow growth of plant tops and shortening of internodes.
8. The level of growth inhibition of plants by different triazole fungicides is different.
In general, epoxiconazole > fluorosilazole > propiconazole > diniconazole > triazolone > tebuconazole > difenoconazole > myclobutanil;
9. It is necessary to find out the safe dose of each triazole fungicide used in bactericidal and disease prevention on certain plants.
The dose at which the triazole fungicide inhibits plant growth and the appropriate dose for sterilization are different. As long as you grasp the relationship between the two, you can maximize the use of triazole fungicides;
10. Most triazole fungicide species can move from one leaf to another, or as the catheter moves from bottom to top.
Tests have shown that it is only necessary to drip three drops of triazole fungicide liquid on the soybean compound leaves to cover the entire leaf within one day.
Therefore, when spraying a triazole fungicide, the nozzle should be depressed to reduce the risk of inhibiting the growth of the plant top, or to use the characteristics of the top conduction to ensure such as anthracnose, brown spot, and black spot disease. The effect of infecting and spreading diseases on the bottom up.
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