Teach you to give watermelon a whole lot of pressed vines

Watermelon plants are prone to blemishes. If they grow, they will have more side branches, which will consume a lot of nutrients, affecting the growth of watermelons, causing melons, slow growth, small size, late market, poor quality and other adverse consequences. Therefore, the cultivation of watermelon should use pruning. Plant adjustment measures such as pressing vines. Today, I will elaborate on the detailed operation techniques such as watermelon pour, pruning, vine, manual assisted pollination, melon, fruit care, and cracking prevention.

First, countdown

When the watermelon vine grows 17-35 cm long, due to the top-heavy weight, the wind-leaf vine is vulnerable, and the melon is stable, that is, it is inverted. The method is: loosening the soil at the base of the melon, and turning the melon to the soil of the base of one side of the melon, holding the base of the melon with the left hand, lifting the top of the melon with the right hand, slowly turning the melon seedlings and pouring it. To the face, press the other side of the base to press the soil, and the main vine begins to grow.

Second, pruning

That is, the vines of the watermelon are properly arranged, leaving the main vines or side vines, wiping off the excess vines, and concentrating the nutrients to ensure normal development. The pruning method is divided into the following forms depending on the variety, planting density and soil fertility.

(1) Single vine pruning: that is, only one main vine is kept, and the remaining side vines are all removed. Although the method is simple, the fruit is not easy to grow, and the yield and quality are relatively low. Suitable for early maturity or seed cultivation.

(2) Double vine pruning: that is, a strong side vine is kept at the base of the main vine and the main vine, and the remaining side vines are removed early, and the remaining two vines on the main side are led to the same side. This pruning method has a high fruit setting rate and is suitable for close planting, early maturing cultivation and thin plots.

(3) Three vine pruning: In addition to retaining the main vine, two strong side vines are selected at the base of the main vine, and the remaining side vines are removed at any time. The pruning method has a high fruit setting rate and a large single fruit weight, and is widely used in low-density and high-yield cultivation with less than 600 plants per mu.

(4) Big hairpin: A method of retaining the main vine and all side vines. In the arid sandy areas such as Henan and Lu, the intercropping (watermelon-peanut) is used more often. Generally, 300-400 plants of watermelon are planted in an acre, and when the vine is about 30 cm long, it is pressed, and then it is not pruned. Since the watermelon has to be wrapped around the peanut plant, it does not cause rolling. This method is more labor-saving, and the melon is bigger, but it is a bit late.

Double vines and three vines are used more in cultivation.

When watermelon is pruned, the following points should be noted:

One is pruning at the right time. Generally, when the main vine is 40-50 cm long, the side vine is about 15 cm, and then 3-5 days later, about 3 times. If the pruning is too early, the nutrient area of ​​the plant is small, which is not conducive to the growth of alfalfa and roots and the early maturity and high yield of watermelon. Too late, it not only causes a large amount of nutrient consumption, but also stimulates the growth of ineffective side vines.

Second, the pruning strength should be appropriate. It is best to cut off the side branches to the length of 15 cm. And in the specific operation, it should be treated flexibly according to the growth potential of the plant, and the weight is moderate.

Third, when there is a virus disease plant in Guada, the disease-free plants can be pruned and then the diseased plants can be sorted to avoid cross-infection. Plants with serious viral diseases should be firmly removed and brought out of the field. No matter which kind of pruning method is adopted, it is required to carry out the work carefully before sitting on the melon. After the fruit is set, it is generally no longer pruned, so that more branches and leaves provide nutrition for fruit growth.

Third, pressure vine

Pressing the vines with clay or branches is called crushing. Its function: First, it can prevent the vines and young fruits from being injured due to the wind and the swing; the second is to grow the adventitious roots on the pressed soil nodes, thereby expanding the nutrient absorption capacity of the plants; the third is to make the cucurbits distributed in the field reasonably. To improve photosynthesis; fourth, the pressure of vine has the role of regulating plant growth.

There are two methods of pressing and darkening:

(1) Ming pressure method: just do not press the melon vine into the soil, but insert a clod or a fork with a fork into the soil at a certain distance (30-40 cm) to fix the vine. Generally, when the pressure is pressed, the pressure vine is leveled first, then the vine is gently tightened and flattened, and then the prepared wet soil is held in a group on the internode. It can also be folded into "Ω" by branches or bamboo pieces. The shape will fix the vine. The direct pressure method has little effect on watermelon plants and is suitable for varieties with early maturity and weak growth.

The pressure method is also applied to the soil weight or heavy ground. In order to avoid the occurrence of adventitious roots due to pressure vines, the pathogens invade the plants from the adventitious roots, and the plastic stalks or grasses are used to pad the vines under the knots to avoid adventitious roots.

(2) Dark pressing method: Dark pressure is to embed a certain length of melon vines into the soil. The method is to use a melon shovel to shovel the soil under the melon vines. The right hand holds the melon shovel and the squash vines slant into the soil to open a shallow ditch about 6 cm deep and 4 cm wide. The ditch should be shallow and shallow, left hand The melon is straightened into the ditch, only the leaves and the hoe are exposed, and the soil is covered. Dark-press method is used in sandy soils and areas with low rainfall and low groundwater levels. This method works well for growing varieties, but it takes time and labor.

Different varieties and different growth potentials are treated differently by light pressure and heavy pressure. In the front and rear of the knot, the two nodes can not be pressed, and the female flower section can not be pressed, so as not to cause the ovary damage and fall off. Watermelon pressure vines should not crush the stems. In order to avoid damage caused by the moisture content of the melon vine in the morning and the brittle vine, the pressure vine should be carried out around noon.

Fourth, artificial assisted pollination

Watermelon is a cross-pollination crop that relies on insects as a medium. When it is rainy or has less insect activity, it affects the spread of pollen and is not easy to sit on fruit. In order to improve the fruit setting rate and achieve the ideal position, the fruit should be manually assisted pollination.

(1) Female flower selection: When pollinating, the female flower with good development on the main vine and the side vine should be selected, the flower bud handle is thick, the ovary is large, the shape is normal, the color is green and shiny. After pollination, it is easy to sit fruit and grow into a high quality melon. The female flowers on the side vines are reserved for melons.

(2) Pollination time: The flower of watermelon begins to loosen at 5-6 in the morning, and the physiological activity is the strongest at 7-10, which is the best pollination time. After 10 o'clock, mucus was secreted on the head of the female flower, and the pollination effect was poor. The pollination time on cloudy days was postponed to 8-11 hours due to late flowering.

(3) Pollination method:

1 flower to flower: The fresh male flower that is open and scattered in the day comes, put the petals in the direction of the flower handle, hold it by hand, then aim the stamen of the male flower to the stigma of the female flower, and gently touch it a few times. A male flower can give 2-3 female flowers.

2 Brush powder: Take off the male flowers that are open on the day, concentrate the pollen in a container, then use a soft brush or a small brush to draw the pollen and apply it to the head of the female flower.

No matter which pollination method is adopted, the stigma should be evenly spread with pollen, so that the fruit shape can be squared. If pollination is carried out on cloudy or rainy days, use a paper cap or a plastic cap to cover the female flowers after pollination to prevent rain and affect the fruit setting.

Five, stay melon

The location of the melons has a great influence on the size and yield of the fruit. When the first female flower of the main vine is sitting on the melon, the fruit is small and the quality is poor due to insufficient nutrition, such as the appearance of deformed melon and hollow fruit. Its yield is one-third less than that of the second female flower. After the fourth female flower, it is too late to leave the melon, which is easy to cause over-growth of the melon and the fruit is difficult to sit. Therefore, in the production, the second or third female flowering melon is generally left between 14 and 20 knots. The early maturing variety is mainly composed of the second female flower, and the middle and late mature varieties are mainly selected to retain the third female flower. At this stage, the watermelon fruit with large fruit is full of development and good quality, which can improve the commerciality of watermelon.

The number of melons varies according to the cultivation form, variety, planting density and other factors. Generally, small and medium fruit varieties, double vines are planted, and 500-800 plants are planted in acre. It is advisable to leave one melon per plant, and the remaining melons should be removed in time. The side vines are used as a result. When the main vine is injured, it is not easy to sit on the melon. Rare plants, small melons, three vines or multi-vine pruning can be more melons.

Sixth, the care of watermelon fruit

In the flowering fruit setting and fruit development stage of watermelon, careful care of the fruit is also a key link to improve the yield and quality of watermelon. The measures for nursing include melons, melons, melons and melons.

Before and after the opening of the female flower to the fruit setting, the epidermis and young melon epidermis are very delicate and vulnerable to wind, insect bites and mechanical damage. At this time, the paper bag, plastic bag, etc. are used to cover the young melon, which is called the melon. When the fruit grows to 1-1.5 kg, the clods under the melon are crushed and leveled, padded with grass or fine sand, and the slope is low and high, and the vine and the stalk are straightened, that is, the melon. It can prevent the infection of anthracnose and epidemic bacteria, and can prevent watermelon from falling into muddy water and increase the yield. Turning the melon continuously changes the part of the fruit to make the melon surface evenly light, the skin color is consistent, and the ripeness of the melon is even. The melon is usually carried out in the middle and late stages of the expanded melon. It can be turned over every 5-6 days, and can be turned 2-3 times. The melon should be reduced in the sunny afternoon, and the water is reduced when it is not easy to break. The angle is not easy to be too large, and the ground can be exposed, so as to avoid spraining and twisting the stalk, and each time the melon should be in the same direction. A few days before the ripening of the watermelon, the melon can be erected to make the fruit shape round and the melon skin color well. Otherwise, the sun is not visible at the ground, which is yellowish white, which not only affects the appearance of the fruit, but also the thickness of the peel is uneven. The fruit is light and the quality is poor.

Seven, strict prevention of late split melon

In general, there are fewer cracked melons in the early stage of watermelon, but it is serious in the later stage. In response to this situation, the prevention and control of watermelon crackers should start with management, change the original management mode, and ensure that the melons are not cracked in the later period.

First, control the temperature. Improper temperature management is the main cause of watermelon cracking. The sudden change of temperature makes the physiological activity of watermelon change too fast. The cell composition of melon skin and melon is different, which is easy to cause uncoordinated growth and more cracked melon.

For example, if the ventilation is too late in the late growth period, the vent is too large, and the temperature changes rapidly, it is easy to cause the melon skin to become brittle and cracked.

After entering the expansion period, the daytime temperature is 30-32 °C, the nighttime is 15-18 °C, and the temperature difference between day and night is controlled at 15 °C. After entering the maturity period, the daytime temperature can be appropriately reduced, kept within 30 °C, 15-18 °C at night, and the temperature difference between day and night can be controlled at 13-15 °C.

Second, changes in soil moisture affect watermelon crackers. Watering is the key to determining the yield and quality of watermelon. After the drought, watering, a large amount of water is poured into the watermelon, the melon is quickly swelled and swelled, and the melon skin grows slowly, which is easy to cause cracked melon.

Master the number and timing of watering to ensure that the soil is too dry and wet, and the humidity changes drastically, which is an important measure to reduce the cracking of melons. Generally, 7 days before the watermelon harvest, the melon field is no longer watered. In addition, we must pay attention to the rational use of drugs to reduce the cracking of melon caused by improper use of the drug.

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