In order to promote scientific fertilization technology into the village, promote fertilizer reduction and efficiency, guide farmers to scientific and rational fertilization, reduce agricultural production costs, and ensure that agriculture increases production and income, this guidance is formulated.
General requirements: taking the rural revitalization strategy as the guiding ideology, with the principle of “grabbing grain in technology and grain in the land†as a technical means, with the goal of ensuring food security, agricultural product quality and safety and agro-ecological security, taking green development as the guide and reforming Innovation is the driving force, focusing on the province's grain production functional zone and important agricultural product production protection zone, strengthening scientific and technological support, adapting local conditions, integrating and promoting fertilizer reduction and efficiency technology, guiding farmers to scientifically fertilize, and promoting grain production and farmers' income.
First, focusing on the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization technology, and carrying out scientific fertilization in 2018, the province's soil testing and formula fertilization work is closely centered on the zero-growth center task of chemical fertilizer use, to ensure the safety of food production as the core, and improve the rate of scientific fertilization technology. , the rate of arrival, coverage, improve the comprehensive production capacity of cultivated land, promote the transformation of agricultural growth mode, and ensure the safety of food production. First, in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and the provincial government, the scope of implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization technology will be further expanded to achieve full coverage. Make full use of the obtained technological achievements, add technology to transform and apply, and ensure new breakthroughs in the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization technology; second, continue to improve the fertilization index system construction, and strengthen the establishment of the NPK elemental fertilization index system. The research work on the role of medium and trace elements in food production, find out the laws of absorption and utilization of various medium and trace elements in main food crops such as corn, rice and soybean, and gradually establish the index system of trace element fertilization in food crops; The expansion of food crops to cash crops and fruit and vegetable crops will expand the scope of soil testing and formula fertilization services; the fourth is to achieve zero growth of fertilizers, rationally adjust the planting structure, due to soil, crops, and scientific fertilization due to varieties; Demonstration, through demonstration, guide farmers to consciously apply soil testing and formula fertilization technology. Realize the display of all administrative villages' soil-measuring information and fertilization schemes on the wall. In the key agricultural time such as preparing for spring cultivation, organize the technicians of the package to enter the village to interpret the fertilization guidance card information and carry out face-to-face technical training. Take the responsibility of the expert package, implement the whole village promotion, and vigorously carry out the construction work of the village-level demonstration party (slice, district), the area is not less than 60 acres. Taking advantage of the winter of science and technology and the spring of science and technology, we will give full play to the role of media, network and information in agricultural technology publicity and training, and once again set off a new upsurge in publicizing soil testing and formula fertilization activities; At the same time, we will improve the service capacity as an important means of measuring the penetration rate of soil testing and fertilization technology in the future, continuously improve the service level and service awareness, and use the technical training of grassroots technicians and farmers as the soil testing formula fertilization work. The important task is to ensure the smooth development of the soil testing and formula fertilization work; the seventh is to increase the promotion of formula fertilizer and further expand the coverage of formula fertilizer. Innovative formula fertilizer promotion mechanism, strengthen the supervision of formula fertilizer quality, improve service quality and service level, and make the promotion of formula fertilizer to a new level.
Second, to improve fertilizer utilization as the core, to promote deep fertilization technology Fertilizer deep application technology is an important technical measure to improve fertilizer utilization, reduce fertilizer use, reduce production costs, and increase production. Deep fertilization can play a role in the stable growth of the crop in the early stage and the full effect of fertilizer in the later stage. Agricultural technology promotion departments at all levels should actively guide farmers to apply fertilization methods from the table to the deep fertilization, so that farmers gradually realize that improving fertilizer utilization is the most effective means to save agricultural production inputs and increase crop yield. Especially in the case of rising fertilizer prices this year, the promotion of deep fertilization technology, scientific and rational reduction of fertilizer use, lower production costs, and more allow farmers to see real economic benefits.
Third, the use of soil testing and fertilization mobile phone information services as a means to improve the technology of household access rate soil testing fertilization mobile phone information service is a modern agricultural information service system to guide farmers to fertilize, farmers through the mobile phone dial "12316", "12582" Such as service calls, voice or text message to obtain scientific fertilization guidance, to provide farmers with scientific fertilization technical guidance services.
All localities should increase the training of farmers, adopt various methods to guide and promote the use of farmers, so that farmers can recognize and identify, and then habitually apply information technology to guide farmers in scientific fertilization, alleviate the pressure of grassroots agricultural technicians to work and promote Agricultural efficiency and farmers' income.
Fourth, to achieve weight loss and efficiency as the goal, integrated promotion of fertilizer reduction and efficiency technology In recent years, the province has explored a number of practical fertilizer reduction and efficiency technology models, to achieve a solid technology for the goal of zero fertilizer growth reserve. In 2018, all localities should carry out chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement according to local conditions. Specific measures include: First, the application of slow-release fertilizer technology for corn production in the central and western plains of our province, which can reduce nitrogen fertilizer input by 5%-10 %. Second, it is suitable for the corn production in the central and western regions of our province. The straw-covering and field-reducing technology has been implemented. The continuous implementation of straw-covered fields for more than 5 years can reduce fertilizer input by 20%. The third is the straw smashing and returning weight-loss and synergistic technology model suitable for corn production in the central and eastern provinces of China. Continuously implementing straw smashing and returning fields for more than 5 years can reduce fertilizer input by 20%. The fourth is the technology model for increasing the application of organic fertilizer in corn. Continuous implementation of fields with more than three years of organic fertilizer application can reduce chemical fertilizer input by 10%. The fifth is the nitrogen fertilizer post-shifting weight-loss technology model in rice production, which can reduce nitrogen fertilizer input by about 10%. Sixth, the rice straw total amount of returning to the field to lose weight and increase efficiency technology mode, the continuous implementation of the total amount of straw returned to the field for more than 3 years, can reduce fertilizer input by 10%. All localities can also combine local agricultural production practices to innovate the technology of weight loss and efficiency. In short, all localities should seize the opportunity of rising fertilizer prices and high enthusiasm for farmers to grow grain, and vigorously promote the application of fertilizer reduction and efficiency technology.
V. Guiding Opinions on Scientific Fertilization of Several Main Grain Crops (I) Maize 1. Fertilization Problems and Fertilization Principles The main fertilization problems in corn production are:
(1) The phenomenon of one-time fertilization of nitrogen fertilizer is common, and it is easy to cause pre-burning, burning seedling and post-fertilization in some areas;
(2) The application amount of organic fertilizer is small, and the proportion of straw returning to the field is low;
(3) The phenomenon of lack of seedlings is heavier, and the number of seedlings is insufficient, which affects the effect of fertilizer application;
(4) The soil layer is too shallow, affecting the development of the root system, easy to fall, and poor drought resistance.
Based on the above questions, the following fertilization principles are proposed:
(1) base fertilizer, mouth (species) fertilizer, topdressing and application;
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer application in stages, appropriate reduction of the proportion of base fertilizer, concentrated application of phosphate fertilizer, local potassium fertilizer can be divided into base fertilizer and top dressing twice;
(3) Pay attention to the application of zinc fertilizer in high-yield plots and soils with zinc deficiency and high pH;
(4) increase the amount of organic fertilizer and increase the intensity of straw returning to the field;
(5) Promote the application of high-yield and high-dense varieties, increase planting density reasonably, increase corn yield, and give full play to the fertilizer effect;
(6) Deep loosening and deep turning, breaking the bottom layer of the plow, promoting root development and improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.
2. Fertilization recommendation According to the soil fertilization results and agricultural production practices, the classification guidance for corn fertilization with different yield levels is proposed:
(1) The production level is below 7500 kg/ha: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 150-175 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60-70 kg/ha, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 50-60 kg/ha.
(2) The production level is 7500-10000 kg/ha: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 175-200 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 70-80 kg/ha, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 60-70 kg/ha.
(3) The production level is above 10,000 kg/ha: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 200-240 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 80-90 kg/ha, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 70-80 kg/ha.
If the base fertilizer is applied with organic fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate.
(2) Rice 1. Fertilization problem and fertilization principle There are some areas where the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is too high in the rice production, the application period is unreasonable, the proportion of tiller fertilizer is too large, and the heavy nitrogen removal in the late stage leads to the decrease of yield and the low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. . To this end, the following principles of fertilization are proposed:
(1) The proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application is 35-40% of the total nitrogen application rate, and the tillering fertilizer is appropriately reduced to increase the application ratio of ear and grain fertilizer;
(2) For large-scale application of phosphate fertilizer for many years, the amount of phosphate fertilizer can be appropriately reduced;
(3) Potassium fertilizer on non-salt alkalized soil may be preferentially selected for potassium chloride, and the application of organic fertilizer is insufficient for the plot, and the potash fertilizer is appropriately added;
(4) Pay attention to the supplement of zinc fertilizer in base fertilizer and manure;
(5) Adopt water-saving irrigation, topdressing “with water and nitrogenâ€, give full play to the coupling effect of water and fertilizer, and improve fertilizer utilization.
2. Fertilization recommendation Under the condition of rice yield of 7500-9000 kg/ha, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is controlled at 110-135 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 45-60 kg/ha, and potash fertilizer (K2O) is 60-75 kg/ Hectare.
Under the condition of rice yield of 9000 kg/ha or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is controlled at 135-160 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 60-75 kg/ha, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 70-80 kg/ha.
35-40% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20-25% is used as manure fertilizer, 25-30% is used as panicle fertilizer, 5-10% is used as grain fertilizer; phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer; 50% of potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and 50% is used as ear fertilizer.
In the zinc-deficient, silicon-deficient and boron-deficient plots, 15 kg of zinc fertilizer, silicon fertilizer and boron fertilizer are applied per hectare.
(3) Soybean 1. Fertilization Principle In view of the current low soybean yield and low fertilizer efficiency, the following fertilization principles are proposed:
(1) According to the soil test results, the proportion of phosphate fertilizer application should be appropriately reduced; the soybean in high-yield area can increase the total fertilization amount appropriately.
(2) Advocating stratified fertilization, the depth of fertilization is 1/3 of 3-4 cm below the seed, and 2/3 of 6-10 cm; when it is difficult to achieve stratified fertilization, appropriate shallow fertilization is adopted in the high alpine organic matter in the north. In Other areas, deep fertilization is adopted, especially the phosphate fertilizer should be concentrated and applied to the plant 10cm.
(3) Replenishing boron fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer, in the area with less symptoms, it can adopt micro-fertilizer seed dressing method, preferably combined with rhizobium agent to improve the nodulation efficiency.
(4) Strengthen the matching of fertilization and cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization recommendation According to soybean nutrient demand, the application ratio of NPK (N-P2O5-K2O) is 1:1.5:0.6-0.8 in high-fertility soil; the amount of nitrogen and potassium can be increased in low-fertility soil, and the proportion of NPK It is 1:1.2:0.6-0.8. The target yield of soybean is 2250 kg/ha, and the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium pure nutrients in high and low fertility fields is 80-110 kg/ha and 100-130 kg/ha respectively; the target yield is 2250-3000 kg/ha, high and low. The total amount of pure nutrients in fertile fields is 120-160 kg/ha and 140-180 kg/ha respectively; the target output is 3,000 kg/ha, and the total amount of pure nutrients in high and low fertility fields is 130-170 kg/ha, respectively. 160-200 kg / ha.
(4) Peanut 1. The principle of fertilization is based on base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing, and advocates the application of organic fertilizer; the depth of fertilization is 6-8 cm below the seed; appropriate application of molybdenum fertilizer can be carried out by seed dressing or foliar spraying. The barren land can be applied with appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer after sealing the ridge; strengthen the matching of fertilization and cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization recommendations for early maturing varieties: 50 kg of pure nitrogen, 60 kg of pure phosphorus, 40 kg of pure potassium; medium and late maturity varieties: 60 kg of pure nitrogen, 75 kg of pure phosphorus, 60 kg of pure potassium.
(5) Sunflower 1. Fertilization principle base fertilizer and top dressing application; use of point fertilization method, nitrogen fertilizer application; soil pH high and zinc-deficient soil pay attention to zinc fertilizer; increase organic fertilizer dosage; oil sunflower and hybrid sunflower Appropriately increase the amount of fertilizer; the depth of fertilization is 8-10 cm below the seed.
2. Fertilization recommends ordinary sunflower: 75 kg of pure nitrogen, 40 kg of pure phosphorus, 30 kg of pure potassium; oil sunflower, hybrid sunflower: 110 kg of pure nitrogen, 50 kg of pure phosphorus, 45 kg of pure potassium.
General requirements: taking the rural revitalization strategy as the guiding ideology, with the principle of “grabbing grain in technology and grain in the land†as a technical means, with the goal of ensuring food security, agricultural product quality and safety and agro-ecological security, taking green development as the guide and reforming Innovation is the driving force, focusing on the province's grain production functional zone and important agricultural product production protection zone, strengthening scientific and technological support, adapting local conditions, integrating and promoting fertilizer reduction and efficiency technology, guiding farmers to scientifically fertilize, and promoting grain production and farmers' income.
First, focusing on the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization technology, and carrying out scientific fertilization in 2018, the province's soil testing and formula fertilization work is closely centered on the zero-growth center task of chemical fertilizer use, to ensure the safety of food production as the core, and improve the rate of scientific fertilization technology. , the rate of arrival, coverage, improve the comprehensive production capacity of cultivated land, promote the transformation of agricultural growth mode, and ensure the safety of food production. First, in accordance with the requirements of the Ministry of Agriculture and the provincial government, the scope of implementation of soil testing and formula fertilization technology will be further expanded to achieve full coverage. Make full use of the obtained technological achievements, add technology to transform and apply, and ensure new breakthroughs in the promotion of soil testing and formula fertilization technology; second, continue to improve the fertilization index system construction, and strengthen the establishment of the NPK elemental fertilization index system. The research work on the role of medium and trace elements in food production, find out the laws of absorption and utilization of various medium and trace elements in main food crops such as corn, rice and soybean, and gradually establish the index system of trace element fertilization in food crops; The expansion of food crops to cash crops and fruit and vegetable crops will expand the scope of soil testing and formula fertilization services; the fourth is to achieve zero growth of fertilizers, rationally adjust the planting structure, due to soil, crops, and scientific fertilization due to varieties; Demonstration, through demonstration, guide farmers to consciously apply soil testing and formula fertilization technology. Realize the display of all administrative villages' soil-measuring information and fertilization schemes on the wall. In the key agricultural time such as preparing for spring cultivation, organize the technicians of the package to enter the village to interpret the fertilization guidance card information and carry out face-to-face technical training. Take the responsibility of the expert package, implement the whole village promotion, and vigorously carry out the construction work of the village-level demonstration party (slice, district), the area is not less than 60 acres. Taking advantage of the winter of science and technology and the spring of science and technology, we will give full play to the role of media, network and information in agricultural technology publicity and training, and once again set off a new upsurge in publicizing soil testing and formula fertilization activities; At the same time, we will improve the service capacity as an important means of measuring the penetration rate of soil testing and fertilization technology in the future, continuously improve the service level and service awareness, and use the technical training of grassroots technicians and farmers as the soil testing formula fertilization work. The important task is to ensure the smooth development of the soil testing and formula fertilization work; the seventh is to increase the promotion of formula fertilizer and further expand the coverage of formula fertilizer. Innovative formula fertilizer promotion mechanism, strengthen the supervision of formula fertilizer quality, improve service quality and service level, and make the promotion of formula fertilizer to a new level.
Second, to improve fertilizer utilization as the core, to promote deep fertilization technology Fertilizer deep application technology is an important technical measure to improve fertilizer utilization, reduce fertilizer use, reduce production costs, and increase production. Deep fertilization can play a role in the stable growth of the crop in the early stage and the full effect of fertilizer in the later stage. Agricultural technology promotion departments at all levels should actively guide farmers to apply fertilization methods from the table to the deep fertilization, so that farmers gradually realize that improving fertilizer utilization is the most effective means to save agricultural production inputs and increase crop yield. Especially in the case of rising fertilizer prices this year, the promotion of deep fertilization technology, scientific and rational reduction of fertilizer use, lower production costs, and more allow farmers to see real economic benefits.
Third, the use of soil testing and fertilization mobile phone information services as a means to improve the technology of household access rate soil testing fertilization mobile phone information service is a modern agricultural information service system to guide farmers to fertilize, farmers through the mobile phone dial "12316", "12582" Such as service calls, voice or text message to obtain scientific fertilization guidance, to provide farmers with scientific fertilization technical guidance services.
All localities should increase the training of farmers, adopt various methods to guide and promote the use of farmers, so that farmers can recognize and identify, and then habitually apply information technology to guide farmers in scientific fertilization, alleviate the pressure of grassroots agricultural technicians to work and promote Agricultural efficiency and farmers' income.
Fourth, to achieve weight loss and efficiency as the goal, integrated promotion of fertilizer reduction and efficiency technology In recent years, the province has explored a number of practical fertilizer reduction and efficiency technology models, to achieve a solid technology for the goal of zero fertilizer growth reserve. In 2018, all localities should carry out chemical fertilizer reduction and efficiency improvement according to local conditions. Specific measures include: First, the application of slow-release fertilizer technology for corn production in the central and western plains of our province, which can reduce nitrogen fertilizer input by 5%-10 %. Second, it is suitable for the corn production in the central and western regions of our province. The straw-covering and field-reducing technology has been implemented. The continuous implementation of straw-covered fields for more than 5 years can reduce fertilizer input by 20%. The third is the straw smashing and returning weight-loss and synergistic technology model suitable for corn production in the central and eastern provinces of China. Continuously implementing straw smashing and returning fields for more than 5 years can reduce fertilizer input by 20%. The fourth is the technology model for increasing the application of organic fertilizer in corn. Continuous implementation of fields with more than three years of organic fertilizer application can reduce chemical fertilizer input by 10%. The fifth is the nitrogen fertilizer post-shifting weight-loss technology model in rice production, which can reduce nitrogen fertilizer input by about 10%. Sixth, the rice straw total amount of returning to the field to lose weight and increase efficiency technology mode, the continuous implementation of the total amount of straw returned to the field for more than 3 years, can reduce fertilizer input by 10%. All localities can also combine local agricultural production practices to innovate the technology of weight loss and efficiency. In short, all localities should seize the opportunity of rising fertilizer prices and high enthusiasm for farmers to grow grain, and vigorously promote the application of fertilizer reduction and efficiency technology.
V. Guiding Opinions on Scientific Fertilization of Several Main Grain Crops (I) Maize 1. Fertilization Problems and Fertilization Principles The main fertilization problems in corn production are:
(1) The phenomenon of one-time fertilization of nitrogen fertilizer is common, and it is easy to cause pre-burning, burning seedling and post-fertilization in some areas;
(2) The application amount of organic fertilizer is small, and the proportion of straw returning to the field is low;
(3) The phenomenon of lack of seedlings is heavier, and the number of seedlings is insufficient, which affects the effect of fertilizer application;
(4) The soil layer is too shallow, affecting the development of the root system, easy to fall, and poor drought resistance.
Based on the above questions, the following fertilization principles are proposed:
(1) base fertilizer, mouth (species) fertilizer, topdressing and application;
(2) Nitrogen fertilizer application in stages, appropriate reduction of the proportion of base fertilizer, concentrated application of phosphate fertilizer, local potassium fertilizer can be divided into base fertilizer and top dressing twice;
(3) Pay attention to the application of zinc fertilizer in high-yield plots and soils with zinc deficiency and high pH;
(4) increase the amount of organic fertilizer and increase the intensity of straw returning to the field;
(5) Promote the application of high-yield and high-dense varieties, increase planting density reasonably, increase corn yield, and give full play to the fertilizer effect;
(6) Deep loosening and deep turning, breaking the bottom layer of the plow, promoting root development and improving water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.
2. Fertilization recommendation According to the soil fertilization results and agricultural production practices, the classification guidance for corn fertilization with different yield levels is proposed:
(1) The production level is below 7500 kg/ha: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 150-175 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 60-70 kg/ha, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 50-60 kg/ha.
(2) The production level is 7500-10000 kg/ha: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 175-200 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 70-80 kg/ha, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 60-70 kg/ha.
(3) The production level is above 10,000 kg/ha: nitrogen fertilizer (N) 200-240 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 80-90 kg/ha, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) 70-80 kg/ha.
If the base fertilizer is applied with organic fertilizer, the amount of chemical fertilizer can be reduced as appropriate.
(2) Rice 1. Fertilization problem and fertilization principle There are some areas where the application rate of nitrogen fertilizer is too high in the rice production, the application period is unreasonable, the proportion of tiller fertilizer is too large, and the heavy nitrogen removal in the late stage leads to the decrease of yield and the low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. . To this end, the following principles of fertilization are proposed:
(1) The proportion of nitrogen fertilizer application is 35-40% of the total nitrogen application rate, and the tillering fertilizer is appropriately reduced to increase the application ratio of ear and grain fertilizer;
(2) For large-scale application of phosphate fertilizer for many years, the amount of phosphate fertilizer can be appropriately reduced;
(3) Potassium fertilizer on non-salt alkalized soil may be preferentially selected for potassium chloride, and the application of organic fertilizer is insufficient for the plot, and the potash fertilizer is appropriately added;
(4) Pay attention to the supplement of zinc fertilizer in base fertilizer and manure;
(5) Adopt water-saving irrigation, topdressing “with water and nitrogenâ€, give full play to the coupling effect of water and fertilizer, and improve fertilizer utilization.
2. Fertilization recommendation Under the condition of rice yield of 7500-9000 kg/ha, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is controlled at 110-135 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 45-60 kg/ha, and potash fertilizer (K2O) is 60-75 kg/ Hectare.
Under the condition of rice yield of 9000 kg/ha or more, nitrogen fertilizer (N) is controlled at 135-160 kg/ha, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) is 60-75 kg/ha, and potassium fertilizer (K2O) is 70-80 kg/ha.
35-40% of nitrogen fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 20-25% is used as manure fertilizer, 25-30% is used as panicle fertilizer, 5-10% is used as grain fertilizer; phosphate fertilizer is used as base fertilizer; 50% of potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer and 50% is used as ear fertilizer.
In the zinc-deficient, silicon-deficient and boron-deficient plots, 15 kg of zinc fertilizer, silicon fertilizer and boron fertilizer are applied per hectare.
(3) Soybean 1. Fertilization Principle In view of the current low soybean yield and low fertilizer efficiency, the following fertilization principles are proposed:
(1) According to the soil test results, the proportion of phosphate fertilizer application should be appropriately reduced; the soybean in high-yield area can increase the total fertilization amount appropriately.
(2) Advocating stratified fertilization, the depth of fertilization is 1/3 of 3-4 cm below the seed, and 2/3 of 6-10 cm; when it is difficult to achieve stratified fertilization, appropriate shallow fertilization is adopted in the high alpine organic matter in the north. In Other areas, deep fertilization is adopted, especially the phosphate fertilizer should be concentrated and applied to the plant 10cm.
(3) Replenishing boron fertilizer and molybdenum fertilizer, in the area with less symptoms, it can adopt micro-fertilizer seed dressing method, preferably combined with rhizobium agent to improve the nodulation efficiency.
(4) Strengthen the matching of fertilization and cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization recommendation According to soybean nutrient demand, the application ratio of NPK (N-P2O5-K2O) is 1:1.5:0.6-0.8 in high-fertility soil; the amount of nitrogen and potassium can be increased in low-fertility soil, and the proportion of NPK It is 1:1.2:0.6-0.8. The target yield of soybean is 2250 kg/ha, and the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium pure nutrients in high and low fertility fields is 80-110 kg/ha and 100-130 kg/ha respectively; the target yield is 2250-3000 kg/ha, high and low. The total amount of pure nutrients in fertile fields is 120-160 kg/ha and 140-180 kg/ha respectively; the target output is 3,000 kg/ha, and the total amount of pure nutrients in high and low fertility fields is 130-170 kg/ha, respectively. 160-200 kg / ha.
(4) Peanut 1. The principle of fertilization is based on base fertilizer, supplemented by topdressing, and advocates the application of organic fertilizer; the depth of fertilization is 6-8 cm below the seed; appropriate application of molybdenum fertilizer can be carried out by seed dressing or foliar spraying. The barren land can be applied with appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer after sealing the ridge; strengthen the matching of fertilization and cultivation techniques.
2. Fertilization recommendations for early maturing varieties: 50 kg of pure nitrogen, 60 kg of pure phosphorus, 40 kg of pure potassium; medium and late maturity varieties: 60 kg of pure nitrogen, 75 kg of pure phosphorus, 60 kg of pure potassium.
(5) Sunflower 1. Fertilization principle base fertilizer and top dressing application; use of point fertilization method, nitrogen fertilizer application; soil pH high and zinc-deficient soil pay attention to zinc fertilizer; increase organic fertilizer dosage; oil sunflower and hybrid sunflower Appropriately increase the amount of fertilizer; the depth of fertilization is 8-10 cm below the seed.
2. Fertilization recommends ordinary sunflower: 75 kg of pure nitrogen, 40 kg of pure phosphorus, 30 kg of pure potassium; oil sunflower, hybrid sunflower: 110 kg of pure nitrogen, 50 kg of pure phosphorus, 45 kg of pure potassium.
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