The single-stage centrifugal pump consists of several key components, including the pump housing, pump cover, motor with an output shaft, pump shaft, bearing housing, impeller, mechanical seal, and a coupling that connects the motor shaft to the pump shaft. The coupling is designed to be rigidly connected between the motor and the pump shaft, while the bearing housing supports the pump shaft via a guide bearing. The mechanical seal is installed within the pump body, and the distance between the mechanical seal and the gland assembly allows for easy maintenance without needing to remove the motor or pump cover. This design simplifies repair and replacement tasks.
Before conducting any tests on the single-stage centrifugal pump, it is essential to perform a thorough inspection. First, check all connecting bolts and anchor bolts for tightness. Ensure the bearing oil level is sufficient, using the correct type as specified in the pump’s manual. Verify that the lubrication and cooling systems are functioning properly, with no leaks or blockages. Manually rotate the pump to ensure smooth operation, checking for any unusual noises or resistance. Finally, confirm that the electrical wiring is correctly connected.
Once these checks are complete, the pump can proceed to an empty load test. During this phase, the pump runs without any working medium, helping to identify installation issues. Pay close attention to the motor's rotation direction, which should match the pump's required direction. If unsure, observe the fan blade movement or adjust the power lines if necessary. Monitor the temperature of the rolling bearings, ensuring it does not exceed 70°C. Also, check for smooth operation, normal cooling, and proper lubrication. If excessive vibration occurs, inspect the coupling alignment.
Following the empty load test, the pump undergoes a load test. Begin by manually cranking the pump to ensure smooth motion. Then, fill the pump by slowly rotating it to expel air from the impeller and volute chamber. Close both the inlet and outlet valves after filling. Gradually open the inlet valve to maximum flow, start the motor, and slowly open the outlet valve until it reaches full capacity. Avoid starting the pump with the outlet valve fully open, as this could overload the motor. Similarly, do not close the inlet valve while the outlet is open, as this may cause cavitation.
During the load test, monitor the pump’s performance, including flow rate, pressure, and leakage. The packing should leak less than 10–20 drops per minute, while the mechanical seal should leak less than 5 drops per minute. Ensure the pump operates smoothly, with stable temperature rise and vibration levels below 0.24 mm (as per Table 2-22). The current should not exceed the rated value, and the pump should run continuously for at least 4 hours.
After testing, the pump must meet acceptance criteria, including proper maintenance records, successful test results, and compliance with operational standards. The pump is driven by a flexible coupling connected to the motor, with the pump rotating clockwise when viewed from the drive side. These pumps are widely used in industrial, agricultural, municipal, drainage, and fire protection applications.
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