This spring, the temperature has gradually risen again, creating a low-lying area that helps drain accumulated water and prepare for sowing. However, the timing of the autumn land preparation was not ideal, and some low-lying or easily flooded areas were planted about 10 days later than expected. After sowing, the temperature remained low, the soil moisture was excessively high, gas permeability was poor, and the seedlings grew slowly.
First, shallow cultivation: The growth of shoots in the field is slow, which can affect the overall development of the plants. To ensure normal growth and prevent weed competition, frequent shallow cultivation is an effective method to remove weeds, break up the soil crust, and improve ground temperature. It also enhances soil aeration, balances the relationships between water, nutrients, air, and heat in the soil, and promotes healthy soybean growth.
Second, deep plowing: Deep plowing not only helps control weeds but also loosens the soil, improves ground temperature, and enhances drought resistance. It also helps preserve soil moisture, increases microbial activity, and promotes nutrient release. This supports better root development, enhances the ability of soybeans to absorb nutrients, and encourages nodule formation, improving nitrogen fixation. Most importantly, deep plowing breaks up the compacted layer beneath the plow, allowing for better water retention and root development.
Third, top-dressing: When soybean plants are weak, short, or have limited rhizobial activity, a small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied at the early flowering stage. Typically, 37 to 45 kg of urea per hectare is recommended. The fertilizer should be placed about 10 cm away from the plant and covered promptly. If the soil lacks phosphorus, additional phosphate should be added during top-dressing. In high-fertility soils, avoid applying nitrogen and instead focus on phosphorus and potassium to promote early maturity and reduce lodging risk.
Fourth, promoting maturation: For fields with poor growth or delayed development, foliar fertilizers should be used based on the condition of the plants. Spraying amino acids, humic acid, or growth regulators can help supplement nutrients. Adding trace elements like boron, molybdenum, potassium, and magnesium is also beneficial. Focus on weak seedlings by increasing the frequency of foliar applications, especially using micro-fertilizers like potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Miaohuan during the main growing season. This helps accelerate growth and increase yield. For overly vigorous plots, manually removing the growing tips during early flowering can help control plant height and ensure safe maturation.
Fifth, monitoring pests and diseases: Given the weather conditions this year, it's important to predict and monitor diseases such as soybean sclerotinia and pests like heartworm. Timely prevention and control measures should be implemented according to the planned strategy.
By following these practices, farmers can optimize soybean growth, improve yield, and manage potential challenges more effectively.
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