This spring, the temperature has risen slowly again, creating a low-lying area that helps drain accumulated water and prepare the land for sowing. However, it was not possible to carry out proper field preparation as planned for the autumn season. Some low-lying and easily flooded areas were planted about 10 days later than usual. After sowing, the temperature remained low, the soil moisture was high, and the air permeability was poor, resulting in slow germination and weak seedlings.
First, shallow cultivation is essential. The growth of shoots is slow, so to ensure normal plant development and prevent weed competition, frequent shallow tilling is an effective method to remove weeds, break up the soil crust, and improve ground temperature. This practice also enhances soil aeration, helping to balance water, nutrients, and heat in the soil, which promotes healthy soybean growth.
Second, deep plowing is important. Deep plowing not only helps eliminate weeds but also loosens the soil, improves ground temperature, enhances drought resistance, and protects the soil structure. It increases microbial activity in the soil, promoting nutrient release and improving the root system’s ability to absorb nutrients. This supports nodule formation and enhances nitrogen fixation, ensuring strong soybean growth. Additionally, deep plowing breaks up the compacted layer beneath the plow, allowing better water retention and root development.
Third, topdressing is necessary when soybean plants are weak or have insufficient rhizobial bacteria. A small amount of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied during the early flowering stage. Typically, 37 to 45 kg of urea per hectare is recommended. The fertilizer should be placed about 10 cm away from the plants and covered promptly. If the soil lacks phosphorus, additional phosphate fertilizer should be included. In highly fertile soils, avoid nitrogen fertilizer and instead apply phosphorus and potassium to promote early maturity and reduce lodging risk.
Fourth, promoting maturity is crucial for fields with poor growth or delayed development. Foliar fertilizers such as amino acids, fulvic acid, and growth regulators can be used to supplement nutrients. Adding trace elements like boron, molybdenum, potassium, and magnesium can help improve plant health. Focus on weak seedlings by increasing foliar applications, especially with micro-fertilizers like potassium dihydrogen phosphate and Miaohuan during the main growing season. This accelerates growth and improves yield. For overly vigorous plants, manually removing the growing tips during early flowering can help control plant height and ensure safe maturation.
Finally, monitoring pests and diseases is essential. Given this year's weather conditions, it's important to predict and monitor diseases like soybean sclerotinia and pests like heartworm. Timely implementation of pest and disease control measures based on the prevention plan is critical to protect crop health.
By following these practices, farmers can optimize soybean growth, enhance productivity, and ensure a successful harvest.
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