Organic fertilizers refer to all natural substances used as plant nutrients, excluding chemical fertilizers. These include materials like animal manure, human waste, crop residues, and green manure. Unlike synthetic fertilizers, organic fertilizers provide a balanced mix of nutrients that release slowly over time, promoting long-term soil health. They help improve soil structure, enhance fertility, and support nutrient availability, making them essential for sustainable farming practices such as organic, green, and pollution-free agriculture.
However, not all organic fertilizers are the same. Each type has unique properties and nutrient compositions, so it's important to apply them wisely, especially during autumn. A scientific approach is necessary to avoid improper use. Here are some key considerations when applying organic fertilizers:
First, while organic fertilizers are rich in nutrients, they are not a complete solution. Their nutrient content may not be well-balanced or sufficient to meet the high yield and quality demands of crops. Therefore, it's important to supplement with mineral fertilizers when needed, especially in fields producing high-quality or organic produce. Foliar sprays can also be used during the growing season to ensure plants receive all necessary nutrients.
Second, organic fertilizers decompose more slowly than chemical ones. This means their nutrient release is gradual, which can be beneficial for long-term soil fertility but may not meet immediate crop needs if applied in small amounts. Chemical fertilizers, on the other hand, offer quick nutrient availability but have a shorter effect. Combining both types allows for a more efficient nutrient supply, meeting the crop’s requirements in both quantity and timing.
Third, many organic fertilizers need to be properly fermented before application. Raw organic matter may contain harmful pathogens, weed seeds, or substances that could hinder plant growth. Proper composting or fermentation helps break down these materials, making them safer and more effective for use in the field.
Lastly, certain combinations should be avoided. Fully decomposed organic fertilizers should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers, as this can lead to ammonia loss and reduced nutrient value. Also, organic fertilizers containing high levels of organic matter should not be combined with nitrate-based fertilizers, as this can cause imbalances or reduce effectiveness.
By following these guidelines, farmers can maximize the benefits of organic fertilizers while ensuring healthy and productive crops.
Author: Li Dagang, Henan Agricultural Vocational College, Zhongmu County, Henan Province
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