Organic fertilizers refer to all natural substances used as fertilizers, excluding chemical ones. They are typically derived from animal and human waste, crop residues, and green manure. These fertilizers provide a wide range of nutrients and offer a slow, balanced release that can improve soil structure, enhance fertility, and promote nutrient availability over time. They are particularly beneficial for organic, green, and pollution-free agriculture. However, due to the variety of organic fertilizers available, each with different properties, it is important to apply them scientifically, especially during autumn, to avoid improper use.
It's important to note that while organic fertilizers are rich in nutrients, they are not a complete solution. Their nutrient composition may not be well-balanced, and they might not meet the full requirements for high yield and quality crops. Therefore, when applying organic fertilizers, it's essential to tailor the application based on the specific needs of the crop. Even for farms producing green food, a certain amount of mineral fertilizer and foliar sprays should be used during the growing season to ensure optimal nutrition.
Another key point is that organic fertilizers decompose slowly. Although they contain a lot of nutrients, their concentration is generally lower than that of chemical fertilizers, and they release nutrients gradually in the soil. This means that if applied in small quantities, they may not meet the immediate nutrient demands of crops. Chemical fertilizers, on the other hand, have higher nutrient concentrations and faster effects but tend to be short-lived. Combining both types of fertilizers allows for a more effective and sustainable approach, ensuring crops receive the right nutrients at the right time.
Before applying organic fertilizers, it’s crucial to ensure they are properly fermented. Many raw organic materials may contain harmful pathogens, weed seeds, or substances that could hinder plant growth. Proper fermentation not only reduces these risks but also enhances the effectiveness of the fertilizer.
Additionally, there are some combinations that should be avoided. Fully decomposed organic fertilizers should not be mixed with alkaline fertilizers, as this can lead to ammonia loss and reduce overall nutrient value. Also, organic fertilizers should not be mixed with nitrate-based fertilizers, as this can negatively affect their performance.
By understanding these principles, farmers can make more informed decisions about using organic fertilizers, leading to healthier crops and more sustainable farming practices.
*By Li Dagang, Henan Agricultural Vocational College, Zhongmu County, Henan Province*
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