Plasticity refers to the ability of a metal material to produce permanent deformation (plastic deformation) under the action of external forces of the load without being damaged by deformation. When the metal material is stretched, the length and the cross-sectional area are changed. Therefore, the plasticity of the Metal Can be measured by the elongation of the length (elongation) and the shrinkage of the section (sectional shrinkage).
The greater the elongation and the reduction of the section of the metal material, the better the plasticity of the material, that is, the material can withstand large plastic deformation without damage. Generally, a metal material having an elongation of more than 5 percent is called a plastic material (such as low carbon steel), and a metal material having an elongation of less than 5 percent is called a brittle material (such as gray cast iron).
The plastic material has good plastic deformation in a large macroscopic range, and the metal material is strengthened by plastic deformation while plastic deformation, thereby improving the strength of the material and ensuring the safe use of the parts. In addition, plastically good materials can be smoothly processed in certain molding processes, such as stamping, cold bending, cold drawing, and straightening. Therefore, when selecting metal materials as mechanical parts, certain plasticity indexes must be met.
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