**Electromagnetic Radiation and Textile Protection: A Comprehensive Overview**
Electromagnetic radiation refers to the emission or leakage of electromagnetic waves into the air. Regarding the potential harm of electromagnetic radiation to the human body, there are various academic perspectives both domestically and internationally. While some may downplay the risks, it is important not to ignore the potential dangers associated with this form of radiation.
With the rapid development of information technology, textile materials must now consider their ability to transmit electromagnetic waves. As the "people-oriented" concept becomes more widespread and individual electromagnetic protection needs increase, textiles—commonly used as protective materials for the human body—must focus on electromagnetic shielding performance while also considering thermal and moisture permeability, as well as comfort.
Therefore, starting from the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility, electromagnetic shielding, radar stealth, reconnaissance, and electronic warfare, it is essential to conduct research on textiles with special electromagnetic properties. These textiles should incorporate complex structures and other materials to provide richer scientific insights into textile electrical performance and lay the foundation for the development of advanced electromagnetic textiles.
**Where to Start Developing Electromagnetic Radiation Protection Materials?**
According to Academician Zhou Guotai from the Chinese Academy of Engineering, current research focuses on developing new materials that are “light, soft, thin, and wide.†This means pursuing lightweight, flexible, thin, and broadband structural features, using a gradient structure to absorb and reflect electromagnetic waves in order to achieve high shielding effectiveness.
Although not all forms of radiation are harmful, in today’s world where electromagnetic radiation is everywhere, protective clothing against such radiation has become an essential item for personal protection. It is now gaining significant attention in the textile industry and among consumers.
In terms of progress in the industry regarding electromagnetic radiation shielding materials, Dr. Shi Wei, a senior engineer at the Military Equipment Research Institute of the General Logistics Department, explained that researchers have developed materials like stainless steel wire blended fabrics, electroless silver plating fabrics, and multi-ion fiber fabrics. Additionally, efforts have been made to replace nickel with tin to avoid heavy metals, and to weave microfibers onto synthetic fiber base fabrics to create micropores that prevent electromagnetic waves above a certain frequency from entering the garment.
This approach ensures that the final product maintains both effective electromagnetic shielding and wearing comfort, especially when high shielding is required. Protective clothing must often be sealed electrically, which can lead to issues with breathability and comfort. Therefore, using porous fabric metallization treatments helps balance both protection and comfort.
Researchers have also designed skin-core structured fabrics for metallization. The core layer consists of conventional polyester, while the outer layer is a blend of ordinary polyester and spun into a composite sheath-core filament. After alkali reduction treatment, the fabric surface develops many pits, allowing for better metal adhesion during the metallization process. This method enhances the durability of the metalized fabric.
**Standards Need to Be Improved**
Zhou Guotai emphasized that establishing a scientific and reasonable exposure limit is crucial. It helps determine whether the environment people live in is generally safe (excluding those who are electromagnetically sensitive), whether electromagnetic radiation in the workplace requires protection, and what level of shielding effectiveness is needed in protective clothing.
Since 1988, several national standards for electromagnetic radiation have been drafted by the Ministry of Health, the National Environmental Protection Agency, and the Ministry of Electronics. In response to outdated standards, the General Armament Department merged seven military standards related to electromagnetic protection established since 1984. This led to the creation of GJB 5313, which redefines the "exposure limit" and was introduced in 2004.
The two "Electromagnetic Radiation Exposure Limits and Measurement Methods" standards, after merging, serve as the basis for China's allowable intensity of environmental electromagnetic fields and human exposure limits. Although one is still a draft, its technical content is reliable, and it can be used as a "superior standard" for designing shielding effectiveness in protective clothing.
The newly developed GB/T 23463-2009 standard stipulates that the shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic radiation protective clothing must follow the exposure limits of GJB 5313 and the field strength of electromagnetic radiation in the workplace.
Similarly, whether the public needs to wear electromagnetic shielding protective clothing depends on the exposure limit of the corresponding frequency and the actual electromagnetic field strength of the environment, as defined by the standard.
**Clear Concept Awareness**
Experts suggest the following for the future development of electromagnetic radiation protection:
1. Increase public and professional knowledge through science education to ensure a clear understanding of concepts like electromagnetic radiation, damage mechanisms, and exposure limits.
2. Distinguish between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, and gradually shift from the term "electromagnetic radiation" to "electromagnetic exposure."
3. Establish a unified national standard for electromagnetic radiation limits and formulate laws to control electromagnetic pollution.
4. Develop specific product standards and usage methods for common devices like induction cookers and microwave ovens to prevent substandard products from causing harm.
5. Enforce strict regulations on workers exposed to high electromagnetic fields, requiring mandatory use of protective clothing according to GB/T 23463-2009.
**Building Responsible Brands to Promote Sustainable Consumption**
In the new era, the textile industry faces new demands for social responsibility. In 2014, the China National Textile and Apparel Council proposed the idea of building responsible brands and promoting sustainable consumption.
Over the past decade, under the guidance of the China Textile Association, the industry has gained recognition for its social responsibility efforts, paving the way for sustainable development. China’s textile and garment industry was the first to advocate for corporate social responsibility, launching the csc9000t standard in 2005.
In 2008, the first social responsibility report guidelines were introduced, leading to over 60 companies issuing reports that had a significant impact globally. In 2014, the "China Apparel Industry Social Responsibility Collective Action Project" was launched, focusing on responsible branding and sustainable consumption.
As the RMB continues to depreciate against the USD, export-oriented industries such as textiles and apparel are expected to benefit significantly. This depreciation helps reduce costs and improve competitiveness, leading to increased orders and exchange gains for exporting enterprises.
For example, companies like Sichuan Textiles Import and Export Corporation and West China Energy Industrial Co., Ltd. have expressed optimism about the benefits of the RMB's depreciation.
Overall, the textile and apparel industry, highly dependent on exports, stands to gain from the ongoing RMB devaluation, enhancing its global market position.
*This article is a reprint from online media and represents the author's views only. If any content infringes on your rights, please contact us for timely resolution.*
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