Analysis of Rolling Bearing Damage
Source: China Bearing Network | Date: December 4, 2013
Rolling bearings are essential components in many mechanical systems, and their proper functioning is critical for the performance and longevity of the equipment. However, during operation, these bearings can suffer from various types of damage. If you notice abnormal heating, vibration, or unusual noise, it may indicate that the bearing is damaged. It's important to identify and analyze the cause promptly to prevent further failure. Common causes of rolling bearing damage include: 1. **Fatigue Failure** – This occurs when the raceway or rolling elements of the bearing experience repeated stress from alternating loads. Over time, small flakes may appear on the surface and gradually develop into pits. If left unchecked, these areas may eventually break off. Improper installation or misalignment between the bearing and the shaft can also lead to early fatigue damage. 2. **Cracks and Fractures** – These often result from manufacturing defects, improper heat treatment, excessive interference fit, or incorrect assembly. Stress concentrations caused by grooves or other imperfections on the raceway can lead to cracks or even complete fractures in the bearing rings. 3. **Indentation** – Hard particles entering the bearing can become trapped between the rolling elements and the raceway, causing indentations on the contact surfaces. Similarly, excessive impact loads can cause plastic deformation and small pits. Even when the bearing is not in motion, heavy loads can lead to surface damage. 4. **Wear and Abrasion** – Poor sealing can allow dust or foreign particles to enter the bearing, leading to scratches or severe wear on the contact surfaces. This can increase vibration and noise, reducing the bearing’s efficiency and lifespan. 5. **Electrical Corrosion** – When an electric current passes through the bearing, it can create small sparks that cause localized heating. This results in annealing of the contact surfaces, forming small pits or dark spots. In more severe cases, larger pits may form, significantly damaging the bearing. 6. **Rusting and Corrosion** – Exposure to moisture, acids, alkalis, or salts, as well as improper lubricant selection, can cause corrosion. Even minor corrosion can render a bearing unusable, especially in precision applications. 7. **Cage Damage** – The cage, which separates the rolling elements, can be damaged due to insufficient lubrication, excessive wear, or collisions with the inner or outer ring. High-speed bearings are particularly susceptible to this type of damage, which can lead to cracking or failure. The dust seal plays a crucial role in determining the life of an imported bearing. Traditional seals are often made of folded-edge skeletons, which are manually pressed. However, these seals may suffer from poor elastic strength, leading to inadequate sealing performance. A newer design uses a hook-shaped curling structure for the seal ring. Compared to traditional methods, this design offers several advantages: - Improved sealing performance - Enhanced sealing strength - Increased elasticity due to the hook-shaped layout, allowing better tolerance for dimensional variations - Better compression and durability - Easier installation and pressing By improving the sealing function, this new design helps extend the service life of the bearing and reduce the risk of contamination and failure. --- **Related Bearing Knowledge:** Understanding bearing maintenance, sliding bearing features, car protection, wheel bearings, and locking methods are all essential for proper equipment care. This article was originally published on China Bearing Network. For more information, visit [http://www.chinabearing.net](http://www.chinabearing.net). Previous: Grease Lubrication Smoothness Repair Next: Basic Knowledge of Hard Grinding of Bearing Balls
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