I. Identification of Crop Fertilizer Damage Crop fertilizer damage can be identified based on several visible symptoms, which are mainly as follows: (1) Dehydration: This occurs when excessive fertilization or dry soil conditions cause a high concentration of nutrients in the soil. As a result, the crop loses water and shows signs of wilting. (2) Burn Injury: Applying volatile fertilizers like ammonium bicarbonate under intense sunlight and high temperatures can lead to leaf or young tissue burns. This is commonly seen during hot summer days. (3) Toxicity: Urea containing more than 2% biuret, or superphosphate with free acid content exceeding 5%, can be harmful to plant roots once applied. This leads to root rot and overall plant damage. (4) Stagnation: Excessive use of undecomposed organic fertilizer may release methane and other harmful gases during decomposition. These gases can harm seeds or roots, hindering normal growth. II. Prevention of Fertilizer Damage To prevent crop damage from fertilizers, the following measures should be taken: (1) Seed and Fertilizer Separation: When applying seed fertilizer, ensure that the seed and fertilizer do not come into direct contact. This helps avoid seedling damage caused by over-fertilization. (2) Proper Watering: If the soil is too dry, it's better to water before applying fertilizer, or mix fertilizer with water. In paddy fields, maintain a shallow water layer before applying chemical fertilizers and cultivate the field immediately afterward. (3) Uniform Application: Apply fertilizer evenly across the field. If necessary, mix it with mud or fine sand to ensure even distribution. (4) Right Timing: Fertilize after morning dew has dried or in the late afternoon. Avoid applying fertilizer during the hottest part of the day. Always use fully decomposed organic fertilizer, and place unused fertilizer downwind to prevent toxic gases from spreading to crops. (5) Immediate Action: If fertilizer damage occurs, take prompt action such as irrigation, drainage, or removing the affected parts. This helps minimize further damage and encourages healthy crop development. By understanding these symptoms and implementing proper prevention strategies, farmers can reduce the risk of fertilizer-related crop damage and ensure better yields.
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