Distributed photovoltaics once again reflects the "ideal fullness of reality." From the very beginning, some industry insiders questioned whether distributed PV was more like "painting cakes to fill hunger." However, during a time when the entire solar industry was struggling, distributed PV was seen as a beacon of hope. Despite this optimism, the market has yet to take off due to challenges such as low profitability, complicated grid connection procedures, and difficulty in securing financing.
In 2014, the National Energy Administration set a target of 14GW for PV installations, with 8GW coming from distributed generation. Although policies were introduced to support this segment, the sector remained uncertain. According to Wang Sicheng from the National Development and Reform Commission’s Energy Research Institute, while distributed PV had drawn attention, the necessary policy adjustments were still in the works.
Many individuals saw PV as an attractive investment, but the high costs made it unappealing. A local PV company executive noted that although there were supportive policies, they were not clear enough, and the conditions were not yet mature. Investors, both large and small, remained cautious. Li Xiande from Jinko Solar explained that large ground-mounted projects offered clearer returns, making them more appealing than distributed systems.
Despite government efforts, financing remained a major barrier. SMEs struggled to secure loans due to insufficient collateral, and banks were hesitant without a clear return model. The lack of transparency in power generation, cash flow, and financial transactions also hindered growth.
Experts like Li Junfeng emphasized the need for greater transparency and clearer policy frameworks. The National Energy Administration is reportedly working on refining subsidy schemes and establishing provincial financing platforms to address these issues. Some believe that adjusting electricity pricing structures could also help boost adoption.
Li Xiande suggested that China could learn from Germany's approach, where new energy costs are shared across the population. He argued that even a small increase in electricity prices could make a big difference, encouraging more people to adopt rooftop PV systems. If the future price of electricity can be predicted, why not implement it now? Doing so could drive greater participation and accelerate the development of distributed solar.
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