Distributed photovoltaics once again highlights the "ideal fullness of reality."
From the very beginning, there were skeptics in the industry who compared distributed photovoltaics to "painting cakes to fill hunger," suggesting it was more of a symbolic gesture than a practical solution. However, during the harsh winter of the solar industry, when the sector desperately needed a way out of its slump, distributed photovoltaic power generation was seen as a beacon of hope.
Despite this optimism, the market struggled due to various challenges, including low profitability, complicated online procedures, and difficulty in securing financing. Wang Sicheng, a researcher at the National Development and Reform Commission’s Energy Research Institute, noted that although the issue had drawn attention and policy adjustments were in the works, the actual progress remained uncertain.
2014 was viewed as a pivotal year for China’s PV market, a test of whether developers could sustain growth. The National Energy Administration set a target of 14GW for PV installations, with 6GW from ground-mounted projects and 8GW from distributed generation. To support this, 81 new energy demonstration cities and 8 industrial zones were identified.
In the second half of 2013, several policies related to distributed photovoltaics were introduced, which initially boosted interest. However, despite the enthusiasm, many still felt uncertain about the viability of distributed systems.
Some individuals saw photovoltaics as an attractive option, but the high costs often made them hesitate. A business owner involved in distributed PV projects admitted that while they received many inquiries, most potential customers backed away after learning the expenses.
"Currently, it's not cost-effective for individuals to go for distributed PV," said a Nanjing-based PV company executive. "Policies are unclear, and the conditions aren’t mature enough."
Even large companies were cautious. Jinko Solar’s chairman, Li Xiande, explained that investors preferred large-scale ground projects because their returns were more predictable. In contrast, distributed systems faced uncertainties around self-consumption and grid integration.
In 2013, distributed PV accounted for only a quarter of total installations, with the rest coming from ground-mounted systems.
Financing also remained a major barrier. Wang Sicheng pointed out that the uncertainty in investment returns made it hard for financial institutions to support the sector. Even with recent policy changes, SMEs struggled to secure loans due to lack of collateral.
Experts like Li Xiande emphasized the need for clearer financial models and better transparency in cash flows. He suggested that if the grid could accommodate more distributed systems and adjust its capacity accordingly, the challenges could be mitigated.
Li Junfeng highlighted that without transparency in power generation, cash flow, and capital transactions, distributed PV would struggle to grow. The National Energy Administration has been working on policy adjustments, aiming to provide more detailed subsidies and establish provincial financing platforms to address these issues.
Li Xiande also pointed to Germany’s model, where all renewable energy sources are priced uniformly, ensuring fair returns. He argued that China could benefit from adjusting electricity prices to reflect the true cost of renewables, making distributed PV more appealing to consumers.
With the right policies and financial support, distributed PV could become a key player in China’s clean energy transition.
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