A building intercom system, also known as a video intercom or visual intercom system, is installed in residential complexes, office buildings, and other structures. It allows users to identify visitors through audio and video, control door locks, and send emergency alerts to the management center. The management center can then integrate device information and provide assistance to residents.
The system typically consists of several key components: the door station (resident door unit), indoor units, and administrator stations. These elements work together to ensure secure and efficient communication within the building.
**a. Indoor Units**
Indoor extensions are available in two main types: traditional intercom and video intercom. Their basic functions include intercom and unlocking, but many modern models offer additional features such as monitoring, security alarms, remote telephone alerts, message retrieval, home appliance control, and access management. Video intercom units may use either color LCD or black-and-white CRT monitors.
By 2014, various technologies had been integrated into indoor units, including wireless signal reception and video character overlay. Wireless technology allowed the indoor unit to receive signals from alarm sensors, making it ideal for hard-to-wire areas. However, this method had some drawbacks, such as potential signal interference. Video character overlay technology enabled the indoor unit to receive short messages sent by the management center.
There are two main design principles for indoor units. One type uses an encoded system where the splitter is simpler, but the indoor unit is more expensive. The other type encodes at the doorway host or splitter, making the indoor unit less complex. At that time, color LCD screens were not yet widely adopted, and their high cost was a limiting factor for color video systems.
The appearance of indoor units has evolved over time, resembling traditional telephones and becoming more diverse. Video extensions often feature ultra-thin, hands-free wall mounts, but black-and-white models remain popular. As one of the most costly components in the system, indoor units have seen different applications based on market segments. High-end real estate tends to use color extensions with advanced security and information features, while mid-range units often rely on black-and-white video intercoms.
**b. Door Station**
As of 2014, most users preferred visual door stations, whether using video intercom or standard intercom units. The entrance door station is a critical component of the system, and its design, functionality, and reliability are major selling points for manufacturers. Common materials used include aluminum alloy extrusion profiles, die-cast or stainless steel shells, with aluminum alloys being more popular due to their durability and aesthetics.
Door stations typically feature either a liquid crystal display (LCD) or digital controls. While LCDs are more expensive, they offer richer display capabilities, especially for receiving short messages. In addition to calling residents, the door station must also support communication with the management center. Features like infrared lighting and night-time backlighting are essential for visibility in low-light conditions.
Proximity card technology has also been integrated, allowing users to unlock doors with cards. Many units also include features such as ringback tones, key press sounds, call prompts, and voice guidance, enhancing user experience and system performance.
**c. Management Center**
The management center is responsible for handling calls and alarm signals, serving as a core part of the community network. Using a computer as the management center significantly expands the system's capabilities. Manufacturers have focused on integrating the system with other software solutions, such as meter reading and patrol systems.
With proper hardware and software, the management center can manage information dissemination, property services, and record-keeping, including alarm and disarm logs.
**Equipment Models**
- **Door Stations:** NP-B07, NP-B07A
- **Indoor Units:** NP-H07 (embedded), NP-H10A/NP-H07A (wall-mounted), NP-S (wireless extension)
- **Administrator Stations:** NP-J10A, NP-J07A, NP-R (management software)
- **Home Door Stations:** NP-DA (fingerprint), NP-DB (password)
- **Additional Equipment:** NP-P123/NP-P126 (backup power), NP-MS8 (security module), NP-ME3 (expansion module), NP-ME (extension box), NP-W (proximity card reader), NP-IC (inductive IC card), RJ45-L (Cat5 cable), network switch
This comprehensive system ensures enhanced security, convenience, and connectivity in modern residential and commercial environments.
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