A building intercom system, also known as a video intercom system, is designed for installation in residential complexes, office buildings, and other structures. It enables the identification of visitors through audio and visual means, allows remote control of door locks, and facilitates emergency communication. In case of an emergency, it can send help signals to the management center, which can then relay important information back to residents.
The system typically consists of several key components: the door unit (resident door machine), the indoor unit, and the administrator’s machine. These parts work together to provide secure and efficient access control and communication.
**a. Indoor Extension**
Indoor extensions are available in two main types: traditional intercom units and video intercom systems. Their basic functions include intercom communication and unlocking doors. Over time, these devices have evolved to include additional features such as surveillance, security alarms, home access, message reception, remote phone alerts, and even home appliance control. Video extensions may use either color LCD or black-and-white CRT monitors.
As of 2014, wireless technology was increasingly used in indoor units to receive signals from alarm sensors, making it easier to install without complex wiring. However, this method had some drawbacks, such as potential signal interference. Another advancement was video character overlay technology, which allowed the indoor unit to display messages sent by the management center.
There are two primary design approaches for indoor units. One uses encoded signals from the door unit, while the other relies on the doorway host for encoding. The latter is simpler but may require more advanced hardware. At that time, color LCD displays were still not widely adopted due to high costs, limiting the widespread use of color video intercoms.
The appearance of indoor extensions has become more diverse, with some models resembling traditional telephones. Visual extensions tend to be slim, wall-mounted units, but black-and-white versions remain popular. Since indoor units represent a significant portion of the system's cost, their design and features vary depending on the target market. High-end real estate often uses color extensions with advanced security and information features, while mid-range properties typically opt for black-and-white video intercoms.
**b. Door Host**
By 2014, most users preferred visual door hosts for better user experience. The door host is the central component of the intercom system, and its appearance, functionality, and reliability are crucial for manufacturers. Common materials used include aluminum alloy extrusion profiles, die-cast metal, or stainless steel. Among these, aluminum alloy offers better performance and aesthetics.
Door hosts usually come with either a liquid crystal display (LCD) or digital controls. While LCD screens are more expensive, they offer richer visual content, especially for receiving short messages. In addition to basic calling functions, the door host must also support communication with the management center. Features like infrared lighting for nighttime visibility and backlighting for the keyboard are essential. Proximity card technology, made more affordable by reduced reader costs, allows for card-based access control. Many systems also include voice prompts, tone feedback, and call notifications to improve usability.
**c. Management Center**
The management center serves as the core of the community network, handling calls and alarm responses. Using a computer as the management platform significantly enhances the system's capabilities. Many manufacturers integrate their systems with software solutions such as meter reading, patrol, and other services. A connected management center can manage information distribution, property service requests, call and alarm records, and even disarm logs.
**Key Components**
- **Door Units**: NP-B07, NP-B07A
- **Indoor Units**: NP-H07 (embedded), NP-H10A/NP-H07A (wall-mounted), NP-S (wireless extension)
- **Administrator Machines**: NP-J10A, NP-J07A, NP-R (management software)
- **Home Door Units**: NP-DA (fingerprint), NP-DB (password)
- **Additional Equipment**: NP-P123/NP-P126 (backup power), NP-MS8 (security module), NP-ME3 (expansion module), NP-ME (extension box), NP-W (proximity card writer), NP-IC (inductive IC card), RJ45-L (Cat5 cable), network switch
These components work together to create a comprehensive, secure, and user-friendly building intercom system, suitable for various applications and environments.
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